Aleut Tribe by Sophia Johnson https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p Made by Sophia and Avery en-us 2020-08-13 13:17:04 UTC 2020-08-14 12:50:27 UTC hello@padlet.com Interaction - Housing abarton25 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678622697  The Aleut tribe didn’t build igloos like their ancestors did, but they lived in homes called an ulax. An ulax was made by digging underground and putting a wooden frame in it. There would be woven grass mats that would cover the frame. After you lay the grass mat, it would be packed with earth and sod to insulate it. The homes were a lot larger than they appeared, and they had multiple rooms, each providing a shelter for one family in their tribe.
- Avery
 This image shows the inside of what the aleut homes looked like. ]]> 2020-08-13 13:22:44 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678622697 Movement - People and Diseases abarton25 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678666221 People - They started at an Aleutian Island in Alaska and moved to the Pribilof Islands permanently because of the Russians. To move from place to place, they used skin boats known as kayaks. These boats were made by stretching seal skin over a wooden frame. Only men were allowed to paddle the kayaks. Women would rarely travel, but when they did they would use different boats called a nigilax. These boats were larger than kayaks and had the top open like a canoe.


Disease - The Russians spread various diseases and some of them had messed with the ability for women to have children. These diseases were brought by the russian fur traders specifically and killed about 80 percent of the Aleuts at the time. 

- Avery
The image below shows the base of the aleut kayaks that the men paddled to hunt. ]]> 2020-08-13 13:46:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678666221 Place-Religion sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678669363 We don’t actually know too much about the traditional religion of the Aleut people because of the Russian contact. We do know that it was animistic. They believed in spirits of humans, animals, and natural entities. Ceremonies were likely to be held in the winter. These involved singing, dancing, drumming, and wearing masks. People would entertain themselves and honor their deceased relatives and friends. Aleuts believed that the cause of death could be both natural and supernatural. There were many ways to how the dead were treated. With higher ranking women, children, and men included mummification or cave burial. Their spirits would continue to “live”  on. Russian Orthodoxy was introduced with Russian hunters. This soon replaced all Aleut religion.
Sophia
This picture shows an Aleut ceremony in the present. Most people like to dress up in traditional clothing and sing traditional songs. ]]> 2020-08-13 13:48:09 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678669363 Place-Economy sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678675349 The sea was the direct and indirect provider for the Aleut people. The hunter-gatherers dependent on the sea for various supplies of food. They used the sea for marine mammals, marine invertebrates, birds and eggs, and plants. Although they had Russian contact it came with few imports. Major changes in the economy resulted in the decrease in population and the men being forced to work for the Russian fur hunters. In the beginning of the 1700s most Aleuts relocated seasonally, but eventually permanently on the Pribilof Islands. Here most Aleut people did fox trapping, commercial fishing, and traditional activities. Even today most Aleuts continue to hunt, gathering, and fish for traditional food items. Many work from their villages. Prior to having Russian contact, the Aleut culture consisted of manufactured tools made from stones, sea mammal, and bird bones.
 Sophia
The picture below shows the Pribilof Islands. Today you could find the most Aleut people here. 

]]> 2020-08-13 13:51:16 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678675349 Interaction - Clothing abarton25 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678680283 Both men and women wore long tunics, parka coats, and often wore loose pants. Most clothes were made out of sea lion or sea otter hides, except for mens parkas, which were made out of puffin skin and other seabirds. The people in the tribe also wore sealskin mittens and mukluk boots lined with grass, but some people chose to go barefoot in the snow. Some accessories they had were visors that the men wore for hunting. Aleut wore beaded headdresses for ceremonies. Both men and women wore jewelry that included necklaces and shell jewelry in their ears and noses.  

- Avery

The image below shows the beaded headdresses that the Aleut wore for ceremonies. ]]> 2020-08-13 13:53:54 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678680283 Place- Language The Aleut language is a member of the Eskimo-Aleut language. There are three different dialects to the Aleut language, Eastern Aleut, Atkan, and Attuan. The most common of the three is the Eastern Aleut. It is known that their language is quite complicated and most sounds don’t exist in english. The Aleut language is considered an endangered language now because most children aren’t learning it anymore. However some are working to keep it alive. sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678688012                   Sophia                                       Pictured here is the Aleut language. With being quite complicated to learn, many children now just speak english. ]]> 2020-08-13 13:57:28 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678688012 Region-Culture sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678711624 Aleut was a name given to them by Russian fur traders. They were originally called Unagan, but are more known by Aleut. The men would be in charge of the hunting while women were in charge of gathering the fish, birds, plants, and mollusk. Men hunted seals, whales, sea lions, sea otters, sometimes walrus. In a few areas they would hunt caribou and bears. The first encounters with the Russian colonizers in 1741. Following this encounter the Russians quickly took control over the Aleut Unangan people. Decades afterwards they began to treat them as their own people. They were known as serfs or peasants.  They were forced to work in the fur production. The Aleut Unangan traditional way of life was disrupted and stripped away from them.While under Russian control the Aleut population had a jurassic decline going from 25,000 to 2,000.  Soon after the disruption of life with the Russians in the 1830s, it was disrupted again due to the discovery of gold. Now most Aleut people brought back their traditions after getting out of Russian control. Most hunt, gather berries, and fish. During the summer season they harvest and preserve them for the winter.
Sophia
This picture is women and younger children making fur coats with animal furs. ]]> 2020-08-13 14:09:29 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678711624 Region-Relations to other groups sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678720385 Aleuts travelled across the sea quite frequently. They commonly visited the Alutiiq, Yup’ik, Tlingit, and Haida for trading purposes. Aleuts were especially close with the Alutiiq. They were very close and sometimes intermarried. Despite being very close with the Alutiiq tribe, they also fought frequently. These wars wouldn’t last long and they would once again become trading partners.
                 Sophia
This is Aleut people trading with Alutiiq and Yup'ik. They would trade animal skins, baskets, and foods. ]]> 2020-08-13 14:13:50 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/678720385 Region-Physical: The Aleutian Islands are mostly dominated by volcanic peaks, rugged and eroded coastlines, and severe weather. With such rich resources people have thrived in the area over 10,000 years. The islands stretch out westward for about 1,100 miles with the Bering Sea to a north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The active volcanic peaks extend out to the Alaska Peninsula. This area in the northern extension of the Pacific is in the “Ring of Fire.” It experiences many volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Altogether there are around 70 volcanoes in the Aleutian range. The climate here is conditioned by being close to the sea. Precipitation varies in the area. There is less of a temperature variation here. Summer is much cooler and has harsh winters. The average for winters are -70 degrees Celsius to -20 degrees Celsius and for summers 10 degree Celsius to 13 degrees Celsius. sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679667556 Sophia
This volcano is currently an active volcano in the Aleutian Islands. This is one of the most active volcanoes in Alaska. ]]> 2020-08-14 00:13:13 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679667556 Place-Customs sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679669312  Women wove grass baskets to carry foods. Stone, Bone, and Ivory were made into containers, needles and awls, oil lamps, and others. Women would also make waterproof garments using animal skins. These were worn by men going out to sea. They were called kamleikas. Although use for going out to sea they were also used for ceremonial garments. Decorated with colorful bird feathers, animal furs, and other dyed materials.
Sophia
Pictured below is a grass woven basket, made by an Aleut woman. It is said that some of the baskets were woven together so tight that it could contain water. ]]> 2020-08-14 00:15:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679669312 Location- sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679733278 The tribe originally started in southwestern Alaska on the Aleutian islands. Aleut is divided by the US state of Alaska and Russia. Exact Location: 53.72° N, 166.53° W
Both
Picture below is the Aleutian Islands. 
]]> 2020-08-14 01:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679733278 Location- Permant sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679734295  They eventually moved to the Pribilof Islands where they set up permanently. These islands continue to be the home of many Aleut people. There is also another island called Commander Island. 
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Commander Island were filled with mountains. 
]]> 2020-08-14 01:29:46 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679734295 Location- Holy Sites sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679735451  They eventually moved to the Pribilof Islands where they set up permanently. These islands continue to be the home of many Aleut people. There is also another island called Commander Island. 
Both
This picture is of what they would do for commoners or less important people who passed. 
]]> 2020-08-14 01:31:02 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/679735451 Interaction - Food sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/680179970 Aleut men hunted sea lions and other marine animals from their kayaks to eat. They even harpooned whales sometimes. Along with the marine animals, they also shot birds, caught fish and gathered berries and plants to eat as well. Some of the birds that “supplied” the food were ducks, emperor geese, and puffins. They were also able to eat the eggs from the birds as food. 

The image below shows one animal that they hunted.
]]> 2020-08-14 12:47:31 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/680179970 Movement - Ideas and Trade sjohnson2517 https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/680180973 Ideas - The Russians were one of the only groups that utilized knowledge from the Aleuts. They learned how to fish and catch things from the ocean from the aleuts because they did it so often.

Trade - Some major trade goods from our tribe were amber, obsidian, and walrus ivory. The tribe was also very dependable on metal tools and important foodstuffs during the Russian Period. Since they traded many things, they were able to take advantage of foreign technology.  This image below shows walrus ivory that they traded.

]]> 2020-08-14 12:48:29 UTC https://padlet.com/sjohnson2517/htepa922oemi316p/wish/680180973