Workers work was never guaranteed, shortages of items could lead to the mills shutting down.

Many people struggled to afford food, clothes, and a place to live because they couldn’t find work.

Schools did provide education to Manchesters poorest people.

Cotton changed Manchester into a city like no other, it created a new type of community.

Workers in Manchester were able to earn good money when having a job

Shoes were stamped so poor children or families couldn’t pawn their shoes for money.

- Starting in the 19th-century Manchester started burning fossil fuels as an energy source. The main fossil fuel Manchester used as their energy source for powering industry was coal. 

- Manchester factory chimneys produces smoke, dirt and stench which started to effect human health. People started getting coughs and stinging eyes form diseases. 

- ‘The Smoke Nuisance’ is the period of time in Manchester where urban air pollution was a major problem. Coal-powered steam, engines filled Manchester’s air with smoke. 

- Richard Arkwright was the first person to build the first steam-powered cotton mill. This led to 500 smoking industrial chimneys being built in Manchester by the mid-1840s. 

- Mill owners produced bigger engines to burn more coal to increase profits. This produced more pollution. 

- There were almost 2,000 industrial chimneys polluting Manchester’s air by the end of the 19th-century. 

- Air pollution from smoking industrial chimneys effects people by causing respiratory diseases, dirty homes and clothes and overall bad living conditions. 

Working children who wore clogs did not actually own them. They were a loan from Charter Street Ragged School. 

Clogs were expected to be pawned off, so CSRS would stamp them. This prevented the clogs for being pawned off by money by the child or the child’s family.

Work was never guaranteed in textile mills, despite paying good, due to cotton shortages.

Workers would often have to go without wages because of how volatile work was.

Many workers could barely afford necessities like food, clothing and shelter, something that became more of a struggle with odd working hours.

Ragged schools like CSRS would help out slum districts by providing food, clothing and education to poor people.

People in the city started to have synonyms from the air quality becoming poor, there synonyms were coughs stinging eyes and perpetual gloom. 

The urban air pollution was know at the time as ‘the smoke nuisance’. 

The first ever steam-powered cotton mill was built at Shudehill in Manchester in 1782 by Richard Arkwright. 

By the mid-1840s, there were about 500 smoking industrial chimneys on Manchester’s skyline, and the number was constantly increasing.

As early as 1820 engine-powered cotton mills were first introduced, were trying to encourage mill owners to reduce the quantity of smoke their mills produced

Although legislation to limit smoke was often ineffectual, there were some efforts to monitor and curb the smoke produced by industry in Manchester.

- Almost everyone was impacted by the air pollution. However, lower and middle-income countries were most affected and caught diseases due to being exposed to the hazardous particles in the unclean air. 

-The main source of air pollution comes from fossil fuels(coal) being burned so that they can be used as a source of energy. 

- The series of chimneys emitted smoke, dirt, and smells that surprised visitors. The uncleanliness also leads to coughing and stinging eyes. 

- Manchester has a history of having urban air pollution. Coal-powered steam engines were the force that helped to drive cotton mills, which results in soot and smoke to be present in the air

-The aftermath of these mills and factories were hazy, dark skies as well as filthy homes. Diseases were targeted towards the respiratory system, and at this time was referred to as “the smoke nuisance”.

- Scientific discoveries have led to analysis of the effects of smoke from coal on the body. They had figured out that the small particles of smoke posed a threat to human health and could eventually cause heart and respiratory issues and diseases.

2. There was only on one water supply for the whole town so many would drink from the unclean rivers or streams. 

3. People were drinking water with bacteria which led to the diseases and caused deaths. 

4. In Manchester, carbon water filters were made from ceramics for the home and were used to clean the water by removing bacteria. 

5. Sewage would end up in the streets and rivers of the town. 

6. During this time the rivers were where people released their garbage and sewage. Textile dying caused a lot of pollution. 

7.  In 1894 clean water from Thirlmere was able to reach Manchester after the engineer John Fredrick Bateman created a way for the Thilmere reservoir to supply Manchester too. 

Life threatening diseases like cholera and typhoid made people die off quickly and life expectancys lower to just 17 years old

Less than half of all housing had water supply inside their homes, the rest of the people had to rely on bacteria filled water from rivers and wells were sewage and waste was being dumped, which is why so many people were being killed

The waste being dumped in the river raised the water level and increased the risk of flooding, and created great floods drawing attention to how bad to river pollution was

The demand for water was growing and the people began to revolt and they were forced to fix there water supply

Manufactures wouldn’t adrenaline the river pollution saying that it would be bad for the economy

Many people got Cholera, a water born disease caused by drinking the same water waste was dumped into which made the population stay at the same rate because of the amount of deaths,