W1 Tutorial - Jack, Yoshiki, Dongjie, Ruiyang, Kathy by

Structure

jbre9948_2 — 2021-08-19 02:20:26 UTC

Carbohydrates are “hydrates of carbon” and have the generic structure of C(n)H(2n)O(n). Disaccharides are pairs of monosaccharides, one of which is always glucose:
maltose (glucose + glucose) ,
sucrose (glucose + fructose),
lactose (glucose + galactose). Polysaccharides. Few (oligosaccharides) or many (polysaccharides) glucose units bound/linked together in straight or branched chains. Storage form of glucose in the body
. Provides a rapid release of energy when needed
Glycogen, Starch
and Fibre.
Sugars link together via a glycosidic bond to form di- (two monosaccharides) or oligo- (3 to 15 monosaccharides), and polysaccharides.

Functions

jbre9948_2 — 2021-08-19 02:20:40 UTC

1. Dietary carbohydrate is the most economical and main source of energy for human beings, which can provide and store heat energy; 2. Carbohydrates are important substances constituting body tissues, necessary energy for maintaining brain function, and participate in cell composition and various activities; 3. In addition, it can regulate fat metabolism, provide dietary fiber, save protein, resist ketogenesis, detoxify and enhance intestinal function.
Carbohydrate is a very important nutrient in human daily life, and it also accounts for the largest proportion in our diet. Carbohydrates are actually what we usually call sugars. Sugars are the main source of energy supply for our human body, the most economical source, and also an important physiological substance constituting our human body. Our cells and genetic material contain sugar. Moreover, sugars can also protect the liver and detoxify. So carbohydrates have a lot of effects on the human body.

Adult Daily Requirements

jbre9948_2 — 2021-08-19 02:20:51 UTC

・40-60% of total intake
・220-320g per day
・900-1300kcal per day

Energy Content

jbre9948_2 — 2021-08-19 02:20:58 UTC

Part of the energy content can depend on the glycemic index of food

The Glycaemic Index (GI) of a food is a number assigned to it between 1 and 100, similar to a percent rating.
The GI of a food tells us how easily our body is able to digest components of the food
In this way we are able to make healthier choices and substitute common items in out diet.
Low GI <56
Medium GI 56-69
High >70

Protein and fat have minimal influence over GI.

Water is also an important source of energy
•The body is made up of 60% water.

•The brain and other organs contain as much as 75% water.

•Reasons we need water;

•To clear waste

•For digestion

•Homeostasis of body temperature

Fun Facts/Misinformation

jbre9948_2 — 2021-08-19 02:21:14 UTC

The brain is the only carbohydrate-dependent organ in the body. The brain exclusively uses glucose, a basic simple sugar carbohydrate, to function.
Myth = carbs are only in a couple of foods e.g bread, pasta, rice - carbohydrates (along with protein and fat) are found in almost all foods. In fact, bananas have 35 grams of carbs per serving, more than the 33 grams of carbs found in a bowl of penne pasts.
Many foods with carbohydrates also supply fibre and these fibres help in lowering the blood cholesterol and are also involved in maintaining a healthy digestive system.