The first national flag of the Confederate States of America, made in 1861, had seven stars to represent the seven breakaway states. South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Also, it was called the stars and bars flag. The second national flag was issued by congress on May 1, 1863. This flag was created to have a difference from the union's stars and stripes. It was best- known and known as the Confederate Battle Flag or the "Southern Cross". The third national flag of Confederacy was the last flag of the Confederate government which was adopted on March 4, 1865. This flag wasn't used long before the Confederacy surrendered.

1. Ulysses S. Grant- worked with Lincoln to lead army; 18th president of the U.S.

2. William T. Sherman- in 1864 commanded the Union armies of the West in the decisive drive from Chattanooga to Atlanta and the famous “march to the sea” across Georgia. 

3. George Meade- a U.S. Army general and civil engineer who served as commander of the Union Army of the Potomac during the Civil War.

4. George B. McClellan- a U.S. Army officer, railroad president and politician who served as a major general during the Civil War. .

5. Robert Anderson- commanded Ft. Sumter during the attacks of that 
ft. by Confederate forces, the opening shots of the American Civil War. He was forced to surrender because of lack of supplies.

2. Stonewall Jackson- a war hero and one of the South’s most successful generals during the American Civil War. After his home state of Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, Jackson joined the Confederate army

3. James Longstreet- a U.S. Army officer, government official and most famously a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. Longstreet played an important role in Confederate operations in both the Eastern and Western Theaters of the war.

4. James E.B. Stuart- a U.S. Army officer and later a major general and cavalry commander for the Confederate States. Partially blamed for the defeat at Gettysburg after he failed to provide Robert E. Lee with enough info on Union troop positions.

5. Braxton Bragg- army officer who served as a Confederate general. Bragg entered the war in 1861 and was promoted to full general at the Battle of Shiloh in 1862.

1. Blockade southern parts with its navy.

2. Gain control of the Mississippi R. to split confederacy in two.

3. Support of foreign nations : France, Great Britain

2. Defend the south, instead of the north

3. Sought political recognition from France & Britain

2. Railroads

Antietam- Sep. 17, 1862- Between Union and Confederacy that took place near Sharpsburg, MD. The confederacy hoped to invade the north all the way to PA. Gen. Lee and President Davis thought that a successful invasion would convince Great Britain & France to officially recognize them as a nation. Union was able to push back Lee's army and cause them to withdraw.

Gettsyburg- July 1- 3, 1863- Union vs Confederacy battle that took place near Gettysburg, PA. Robert E. Lee invaded the North and was trying to defeat the Union army once and for all. But the Union army held him off & sent him retreating.

Fredericksburg- Dec. 11- 15, 1862- Between Union & Confederacy that took place at Fredericksburg, VA. Major victory for Southern forces.

Chancellorsville- April 30, – May 6, 1863- Between Union & Confederacy that took place near Chancellorsville, VA. Victory for Confederates.

Battle of Appomatox Court House- April 9, 1865- Robert E. Lee surrenders to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant because of low on supploes, many soldiers deserted, and greatly outnumbered; which brings an end to the civil war after 4 years of battling. This happened in Appomattox, VA.

Clara Barton was one of the greatest nurses ever, born in Oxford, MA. in 1821 She was a nurse on the battlefield of the civil war, providing care to soldiers. She helped locate a thousand of missing soldiers. Barton also would independently organize relief for the wounded, bringing her own supplies to front lines.She founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and continued her humanitarian work until her death in 1912.

13th Amendment- Outlawed slavery.

14th Amendment- Black people were citizens of U.S.

15th Amendments- Rights to vote regardless of race.