Human Evolution by Ruchi Patel - Chinguacousy SS (2422) https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro Create a post highlighting the following features: Time and Place, Key Features (Max. 3), How they survived, Why are they significant, And post a picture of your humanoid. en-us 2019-02-19 17:45:52 UTC 2023-05-19 13:17:37 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Soccerball.png Homo Neanderthalensis - Sharat & Hardiv Patel https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449439065
- Lived in Europe and southwestern to central Asia about 400 000- 40 000 years ago. 

-Average Males were about 5 ft 5 in (164 cm) and average females were 5ft 1 in (155 cm). Average males weighed about 143 lbs (65 kg) and females weighed about 119 lbs (54 kg). Their bodies were shorter and stockier than ours which was another adaptation to living in the cold environments. Their brains were also as large as ours and even large in some cases as it was proportional to their brawnier bodies. 

- Neanderthalensis or Neanderthals were able to survive because of their many survival tactics such as seasonal hunting (reindeer in the winter and red deer in the summer), as well as tools such as a sharp wooden spear to hunt and butcher big game animals.  Neanthderthals even exploited the marine resources such as seals, dolphins, fish and mollusks. They even ate plants found through the remains of molar teeth containing starch grains. The Mousterian stone tool industry of Neanderthals was essentially flake tools that were detached from a prepared stone core. This innovative technique is what allowed flakes of predetermined shape to be removed and fashioned into tools from a single suitable stone.  Neanderthals used tools for activities such as hunting and sewing. The left-right arm asymmetry shows how they hunted through thrusting instead of throwing the spears which allowed them to kill large animals at a safe distance. Neanderthals were also the first early humans to wear clothing. They were able to even control fire, live in shelters and even make occasional ornaments. These hunting tactics, how they lived and technology they worked with essentially helped them survive for so long through these advanced techniques compared to their ancestors. 

Why are they significant 
- They are the closest living relative to modern humans (Homo sapiens)
- there is evidence to support that neanderthals procreated with humans.
- humans and neanderthals lived simultaneously and were very similar. They are huge part of out own evolutionary history


]]> 2020-02-24 13:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449439065 Homo floresiensis- Tithi and Aggum https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449440808 TIME & PLACE
- Lived in Indonesia about 100000 to 50000 yrs ago
- Most recently discovered early human species (2003)
- Nickname: The Hobbit

KEY FEATURES
- About 3'6" tall
- tiny brain
- no chin

HOW THEY SURVIVED
- Made and used stone tools
- Hunted small elephants and large rodents
- coped with predators, such as Komodo Dragons
- May have used fire

WHY ARE THEY SIGNIFICANT
- May represent a modern human being with a disease or growth disorder (dwarfism)
- Shows an evolutionary process that results from a long term isolation on a small island with a lack of predators and limited food resources (island dwarfism)

Picture of the Homo floresiensis ]]> 2020-02-24 13:43:27 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449440808 Homo Erectus - Adhiraj and Aaron https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449441169 Time and Place
 
- Lived in Northern, Eastern and southern Africa. Also lived in western and eastern Asia.

- Lived between 1.89 million and 110,000 years ago.

Why they are significant

- Proposed to be the direct ancestors to many human species, like H. heidelbergensis, H. antecessor, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans.

- First species to use stone tools

Key Features

- Body shape and size - tended to be shorter and bulkier than modern humans - 4 ft 9 in to 6 ft 1 in. Weighed about 40 - 68 kg.
- First species to use stone tools

- Brain size increased compared to earlier species - averaged about 1050 cubic centimetres. Brain structure was similar to modern humans

- Face was large with a low, sloping forehead and a broad, flat nose. Their skull was long and broad with sharp angles at back unlike curves found in modern human skull.

How they survived

They were scavengers eating meat and other proteins as well as honey and underground tubers. 
Relied on stone tools for their survival.

]]> 2020-02-24 13:43:59 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449441169 Homo Sapiens Sapiens https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449442588 Time: about 300, 000 years ago to present
Place: evolved in Africa, now in every corner of the world
Key features: Narrow body, intelligence,  no tail bone
How they survived:  Survived due to high level of intelligence.  This species used tools and other feats to ensure survival.  
Significance:  We are homo sapiens
 ]]> 2020-02-24 13:46:13 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449442588 Homo heidelbergensis https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449442783 By: Rovin and Praviin

Time and Place:
The homo heidelbergensis lived in Europe, possibly Asia (China) and Africa (eastern and southern), about 700000 - 200000 years ago.

Key Features:
-Their jaws were shorter than those of earlier species resulting in a face with only a slight projection
-frontal and parietal lobes of the brain were enlarged and may indicate an increase in brain complexity
-the shinbone’s thickness and bony ridges indicate that these people were strongly built

How They Survived:
There is evidence that they were capable of controlling fire by building hearths, or early fireplaces. Social groups probably often gathered around their hearths sharing food, staying warm, and warding off predators. They also were able to build simple shelter and were the first hunter of large game animals.

Why are they significant:
They were the first early human species to live in colder climates. Their ­­­short, wide bodies were likely an adaptation to conserving heat. IT lived during the time when controlling fire was more predominant and was the first early human species to routinely hunt large animals. They were also the first species to build shelters, creating simple dwellings out of wood and rock

Picture:]]> 2020-02-24 13:46:29 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449442783 Homo Habilis https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449443557 By: Jay and Faizan

Time: The group of homo habilis was around for the times of 2.4 million - 1.4 million years ago. In the year 1964 they were given the name "handy man/able man" which is the englidh translation for the latin work Homo-habilis. A team of scicenetists in the early 1960's discoevered early remains of humans in Tanzania. 

Place: The location at which the follziesd remains for the Homo-habilis specises/group was found in the continent of afeica specifically near the eastern and southern parts of the continent (tanzania,kenya ect). 

Key feature:

Some of the key feateures for this specides/group of humans inclided an average of height of anything between 3 ft 4 " and 4 ft 5". Another key feature which was widely know for the Homo-Habilid species was that they had an average weight of 70 punds  (32 Kilograms). The last key fetaure which was dipalayed among these primates/humans was that they had a slightly larger brain case and a smaller face and teeth in comparsion to Australopithecus. The species still maintians ape like features such as long arms and fingers, aswell as modeately prognathic faces. 

Why are they significant: Some of the signifncane behnd the Homo-habolis group was that they had a smaller jaw and smaaller size in teeth but whoever their tooth enamel was known to be thick and has strong jaws which was an posotove tarur as it helped them to chew hard foods and were felxobel and versailte of eating a very broad range of foods. Some of the hints in vertsialtioy include: eatinfg hard wooden plants, leavses, wood, animslas , meats, nuts,and  seeds. Many archelolosgist belive that homo-habilis were the first to use stone tools for the use of their survivalists.



]]> 2020-02-24 13:47:34 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449443557 Australopithecus africanus https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449443633 By : Komal and Jasleen 

Time: about 3.3 to 2.1 million years ago.
Place: south Africa

Key Features
- Male height is about 4'6
- Female height is about 3'9
- Male weight is 90 lbs
- Female weight is 66 lbs
- Ability to walk (bipedal)
- Fingers, toe bones, and arms were quite long, but not longer than their legs 

How they survived 
- They were known to be hunters 
- Had a similar diet to chimpanzees, such as, plants, nuts, seeds, roots,insects, eggs 
- It is also believed that they could have been hunted, as there were some remaining horns, bones, and teeth found. But, it is not proven if those were the africanus' or if they used those as weapons. 

Why are they significant? 
- They are significant because they have a build and some features that were thought to have been an ancestor of modern humans. 
- Anthropologists also noticed many similarities such as certain bone structure and bipedal walking 

]]> 2020-02-24 13:47:41 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449443633 Australopithecus Africanus : Amrita https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449444532 Time: It lived about 3.3 to 2.1 million years ago.
Place: It lived in Southern Africa.
Key Features:  They have a rounder cranium which houses a larger brain, they also have smaller teeth,and foot bones that indicate that it walked beipedally.
How they survived? : They were known to be hunters, and had a similar diet to chimpanzees, which included,  plants, nuts, seeds, roots, insects, and eggs. Anthropologists also believed that broken animal bones were used by the A. africanus as  weapons. 
Why are they significant? : They are significant because they have a slender build, and was thought to have been a direct ancestor of modern humans, and anthrologists also saw many similarites answering questions about modern humans, such as their foot structure, and how they walked beipedally.  

]]> 2020-02-24 13:49:09 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449444532 Orrorin tugenesis https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449445100 By: Muhammad and Bhavdeep

Time and Place
- Lived in Eastern Africa sometimes between 6.2 and 5.8 million years ago.

Key Features
- Climbed trees but could also walked upright with two feet
-approximately the same size as chimpanzees
-had small teeth with thick enamel just like modern day humans.

How they survived?
- From Orrorin's low, rounded molars and small canine teeth, paleoanthropologists can infer that this species ate mainly a plant-based diet. This probably included leaves, fruit, seeds, roots, nuts, and insects.

Why are they significant?
Orrorin tugnesis are significant because it represented some of the earliest form of bipedalism. Although it had ape like features it was still able to walk upright.


]]> 2020-02-24 13:49:58 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449445100 Paranthropus Aethiopicus by Rajae + Beyonce https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449446339 Time and Place: Eastern Africa, savanna and woodland, 2.3 - 2.7 million years ago.

Key Features: Powerful jaw, large teeth, big chewing muscles

How They Survived: Eating nuts, seeds, roots, and berries.  They went extinct because they couldn’t adapt to the new vegetation.

Why They Are Significant: They are close ancestors to Homo sapiens because both independently evolved parallel to each other.


]]> 2020-02-24 13:51:50 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449446339 Homo Rudolfensis- by: Kurgeena, Brenaye https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449446941 May hvTime: they lived 1.8-2.4 million years ago
Place: Urhara, Malawi and Lake Turkana in Kenya
Key features: long faces, wide jaws,large head,short necks, large brain, long legs and short arms (humanlike proportions)

How they survived:They had larger and wider molars , didn't have a heavy built-jaw and jaw-muscle attatchment. 

Why are they significant: May have used stone tools to process their food.

]]> 2020-02-24 13:52:43 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449446941 paranthropus robustus https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449449101 Place: South Africa
Time: 1.8-1.2 million years ago
Features: they had very large megadont cheek teeth with thick enamel and focused their chewing in the back of the jaw.
Large zygomatic arches allowed the passage of large chewing muscles to the jaw and gave Robustus their wide and dish shaped face.

How they survuved ?
Paranthropus Robustus survived because of  their large teeth and ridge on top of  their head which gave them power to chew hard foods such as nuts, seeds, etc.

Why are they significant?
they were the first discovery of robust species.
 



]]> 2020-02-24 13:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449449101 Paranthropus Boisei https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449450847 - Aisha and Jeevan
Time and place:
2.3-1.3 million years ago in eastern Africa
Key Features:
- specialise skull with adaptions for heavy chewing
- thickest dental enamel of any known of early humans   
- flaring cheekbones which gave P.Boisei a wide dish shaped face
- Height: Males: average 4 ft 6 in ; Females: average 4 ft 1 in
- Weight: Males: average 108 lbs; Females: average 75 lbs 
How they survived: 
- their big teeth and strong chewing muscles helped them eat hard foods when its preferred food sources were limited
Why they are significant:
what made them more significant more than the other primates, were their adaptions for heavy chewing, width of their jaw and larger chewing muscles, and their massive cheek teeth which was said to be four times the size of a modern human.

]]> 2020-02-24 13:58:41 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449450847 Sahelanthropus tchadensis 770093 https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449450861 By:Mathusha and Tarika
Time and Place
- somewhere between 7 and 6 million years ago
- West -central Africa

Key features
-They had a sloping face
-they had human like canine teeth
-they walked on two legs

How they survived
-they mainly had a plant based diet included roots nuts,insects,seeds, leaves and fruits

Why are they significant 
-they are the earliest humans that were widely distributed 
-oldest  known species in the human family tree

Picture 


]]> 2020-02-24 13:58:42 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449450861 Ardipithecus ramidus -Hannah https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449452407 Time and Place: Lived about 4.4 million years ago in Eastern Africa (Middle Awash and Gona, Ethiopia)

Key Features: 
-some evidence of upright walking                  
 -a divergent large toe combined with a rigid foot
  -small diamond-shaped canines

How they survived: Ardipithecus ramidus individuals were most likely omnivores, which means they enjoyed a more generalized diet of both plants, meat, and fruit. They did not seem to eat hard, abrasive foods like nuts and tubers. 

Why are they significant?: Ardipithecus ramidus are significant because their discovery has been used to suggest that the last common ancestor of hominids and African apes was characterized by relatively little aggression between males and between groups.

]]> 2020-02-24 14:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449452407 https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449462099 2020-02-24 14:16:35 UTC https://padlet.com/p0052377/Anthro/wish/449462099