Disabilities-Cohort 23 by Bingyi Dai https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz 14 categories of disabilities as identified by IDEA made by members of Teach-Now Cohort 23 (Bingyi, Isabel, Joel & John) en-us 2023-03-18 13:38:43 UTC 2023-03-25 11:57:33 UTC hello@padlet.com Definition of OHI bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682359 https://www.parentcenterhub.org/ohi/]]> 2023-03-18 13:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682359 5. Intellectual disability - bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682394 2023-03-18 13:39:08 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682394 What is it? bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682475 Specific learning disability refers to a disorder that affects student learning in reading, speaking, listening, spelling, thinking, writing, and doing mathematical calculations (Symptoms & Strategies, n.d.). There are three major conditions: dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia.
https://www.churchillstl.org/learning-disability-resources/specific-learning-disabilities/#:~:text=A%20specific%20learning%20disability%20is,reading%2C%20writing%2C%20or%20math.]]> 2023-03-18 13:39:18 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682475 What is it? bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682526 Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) usually find it hard to understand social cues and interact with other people (CDC, 2022). There are three functional levels of autism. As the level goes up, the need for support also goes up. According to Graetz and Sisson (2016), “autism is the fastest growing developmental disability” (p. 5). This means that teachers now have a greater chance to have students with autism in their classroom whether recognized or not. Recent figures show that ASD occurs at least 1 in 68 of live births (CDC, March 2014 as cited in Graetz & Sisson, (2016). Although one can argue that public awareness of Autism, in general, has risen through massive campaigns such as the Light it up blue campaign, World Autism Awareness Day, and World Autism Awareness Month (Dillenburger, et al., 2013), the teachers who are trained on Autism are still not enough. The survey ‘Awareness of Autism in primary school teachers’ conducted by Arif, Niazy, Hassan, & Ahmed (2013) assessed 170 teachers’ knowledge and perception of Autism. The result showed that only 9% of the teachers had formal training on Autism.
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/signs.html#:~:text=Autism%20spectrum%20disorder%20(ASD)%20is,%2C%20moving%2C%20or%20paying%20attention.]]> 2023-03-18 13:39:25 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682526 What is it? bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682535 Emotional disturbance includes conditions that affect a child's learning, such as "an inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors, an inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers. Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances" (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2017, para. 1), etc. There are six types of emotional disturbance:
anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, conduct disorders, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and psychotic disorders. 

https://sites.ed.gov/idea/regs/b/a/300.8/c/4
https://adayinourshoes.com/emotional-disturbance-category-iep-criteria-accommodations/
]]> 2023-03-18 13:39:26 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521682535 bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521683312 Please put your names next to the disabilities that you would like to work on.
  1. Autism-Diana
  2. Specific learning disability-Diana
  3. Developmental delay - Joel
  4. Emotional disturbance-Diana
  5. Intellectual disability - John
  6. Other health impairment
  7. Speech or language impairment-Diana
  8. Hearing impairment - Joel
  9. Deaf-blindness - Joel
  10. Deafness - Isabel
  11. Multiple disabilities- John
  12. Orthopedic impairment-John
  13. Traumatic brain injury
  14. Visual impairment, including blindness - Isabel
https://sde.ok.gov/sites/default/files/Categories%20of%20Disability%20Under%20IDEAmaster.ppt

]]> 2023-03-18 13:41:22 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521683312 Children With Hearing Loss: Guidelines for Schools bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686418 Hearing loss is legally considered a disability. Children with hearing loss may benefit from being placed on an IEP (Individualized Education Plan) or a 504 Plan. An IEP is a document that identifies what special education services a child must receive.]]> 2023-03-18 13:48:28 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686418 12. Orthopedic impairment bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686704 2023-03-18 13:48:53 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686704 Accommodations for Students with Traumatic brain injury bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686800 A traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is an injury that affects how the brain works. TBI is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Anyone can experience a TBI, but data suggest that some groups are at greater risk for getting a TBI or having worse health outcomes after the injury.

Kids and teens suffering from TBI may struggle with speech, language, and thinking, which can lead to problems reading or memorizing. They may have more trouble than usual focusing on tasks and homework or difficulties paying attention in class. Poor grades and/or problems talking with friends or doing favorite activities may result.

]]> 2023-03-18 13:49:04 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686800 Visual Impairments in Children bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686905 A child with a Visual Impairment, including Blindness, shall include a child with an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects the child's educational performance. Through appropriate evaluation, there should be evidence of the child’s need for specially designed instruction provided by a special education service provider.]]> 2023-03-18 13:49:19 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521686905 Assistive Technology bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521705987 For assistive technology for ASD, there are speech devices and apps on tablets. It will be best to discuss with the child's therapist and then decide on the best speech devices and apps as every ASD child varies. 
Speech devices and apps.
1. https://www.autismspeaks.org/expert-opinion/autism-and-speech-devices-helping-kids-advance-skills-they-mature

]]> 2023-03-18 14:26:47 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2521705987 What is it? joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522103115 All children will reach different milestones at different rates and this is nothing to worry about. 

Support or attention may be needed if a child is consistently reaching milestones a long time after the average in one of more key areas.
- Fine motor skills.
- Gross motor skills
- Cognitive ability.
- Language ability and communication.
- Social-emotional skills.
- Adaptive. (Completing required tasks.)

There can be a number of different causes, including premature birth, a range of different health or medical conditions and trauma or difficult environmental situations early in life.]]> 2023-03-19 10:06:35 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522103115 Assistive Technologies joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522120322 Audiobooks and Text-to Speech can support with difficulties that may come in reading.

FM systems can help focus on what the teacher is saying in the classroom, zeroing out other distractions.]]> 2023-03-19 10:40:16 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522120322 Assistive Technologies 2 joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522121216 Assistive technologies for different types of developmental delay, part 1.]]> 2023-03-19 10:42:23 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522121216 Assistive Technologies 3 joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522121504 Assistive technologies for different types of developmental delay, part 2.]]> 2023-03-19 10:43:04 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522121504 What is it? joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522136926 Hearing impairment means unable to hear fully, although  not complete deafness. It can be at different levels of severity.

Children can be born with it, but it can also develop later in childhood, for example, through trauma or a medical incident that damages the ear.

In some cases it may be permanent. This will be if the inner air or auditory nerve is permanently damaged. ('Sensorineural.')
It may also be caused by a blockage to the flow of sound wave in the air - for example by wax or another foreign body. This is 'Conductive'. In this case it my be treatable.

Signs and symtoms include:
- Inability to hear everyday sounds.
- Delayed speech development.
- Unclear speech.]]> 2023-03-19 11:16:07 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522136926 What can teachers do? joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522137760 See hear a great list of implementations we can make in our classroom.]]> 2023-03-19 11:17:58 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522137760 Assistive Technologies joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522140427 Assistive Listening Devices are technologies that can allow the student directly hear the instructor more clearly.]]> 2023-03-19 11:24:23 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522140427 What is it? joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522147379 Deaf-blindness doesn't necessarily mean complete deafness or complete mindness. Instead, severe difficulties with both sight and hearing.

In some cases, one of the two senses may be notable stronger than the other. However impairments to the stronger sense are still significant enough that the child couldn't be treated only for blindness or deathness for example.

It may be present at birth, due to factors including prematurity or rare genetic disorders, or it may develop later in childhood due to diseases or brain damage for example.

Depending on the level of severity, children with deaf-blindness will have very limited sensory perceptions of the world. Continually updated personalised programs of support will be needed.]]> 2023-03-19 11:40:51 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522147379 An Inspirational School joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522157175 2023-03-19 12:01:14 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522157175 Assistive Technology for dyslexics bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522157459 For dyslexia, as letters and words can be jumbled in their heads, it will be best when words are read to them. Text-to-speech apps and audiobook apps can come in handy, such as Voice Dream Reader and Learning Ally (Glassman, 2021).
https://www.wired.com/story/the-best-assistive-technology-dyslexia/]]> 2023-03-19 12:01:56 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522157459 Assistive Technologies joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522158866 A range can be available. For example,

- Braile to support reading books and other visual sources of information.

- Visual support devices including glasses and CCTV.

- Enlarging devices for computer screens.

- Assistive listening devices.


]]> 2023-03-19 12:04:55 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522158866 Resources on Assistive Technologies joelpope93 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522159528 2023-03-19 12:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522159528 Assistive Technology for dysgraphia bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522170759 For students with dysgraphia, they have trouble writing. Therefore, assistive technology that can write for them is helpful, such as speech-to-text apps, pen scanners, and word prediction apps (Veroniiiica, n.d.). 
https://veroniiiica.com/assistive-technology-for-dysgraphia/
]]> 2023-03-19 12:29:08 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522170759 Assistive Technology bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522175329 Low Tech
1. Behavior Chart
2. Point Sheets
3. Book of Possibilities 
4. A timer
5. Establish routines & schedule                                            
6. Reward Systems
7. Highlight text
Mid Tech
1. The Taillight
2. iPod
3. The Motivaider
High Tech
1. Wii
2. Brainpop.com
3. Funmaths.com
4. Educreations.com
5. Inspiration
https://sites.google.com/site/emotdist/website-resources
]]> 2023-03-19 12:38:25 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2522175329 Assistive Technology bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2525118281 Assistive technology can help students with speech or language impairment with "communicating with others, hearing what others are saying, and emergencies"(Mcpherson, 2022, para. 1). One type of assistive technology is Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), including visual aids, communication boards and speech generating devices (Mcpherson, 2022). Another commonly used assistive technology is Assistive listening devices (ALD). It amplifies sound for students with speech or language impairment and keep them away from background noise (Mcpherson, 2022). 


https://www.autismparentingmagazine.com/assistive-technology-speech-language-disorders/


]]> 2023-03-21 10:24:18 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2525118281 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527501257 What is intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability is a term used when there are limits to a person’s ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life. Levels of intellectual disability vary greatly in children. Children with intellectual disability might have a hard time letting others know their wants and needs, and taking care of themselves. Intellectual disability could cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than other children of the same age. It could take longer for a child with intellectual disability to learn to speak, walk, dress, or eat without help, and they could have trouble learning in school.

Intellectual disability can be caused by a problem that starts any time before a child turns 18 years old – even before birth. It can be caused by injury, disease, or a problem in the brain. For many children, the cause of their intellectual disability is not known. Some of the most common known causes of intellectual disability – like Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, genetic conditions, birth defects, and infections – happen before birth. Others happen while a baby is being born or soon after birth. Still other causes of intellectual disability do not occur until a child is older; these might include serious head injury, stroke, or certain infections.

]]> 2023-03-22 16:56:07 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527501257 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527640453 2023-03-22 18:31:57 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527640453 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527667336 2023-03-22 18:50:25 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527667336 What are the different types of TBI? https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527669706 https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/traumatic-brain-injury]]> 2023-03-22 18:52:15 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527669706 School Accommodations https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527670925 https://www.brainline.org/article/accommodations-guide-students-brain-injury
Classroom Accommodations:

  • Allow additional time to complete in-class assignments
  • Allow for extra or extended breaks
  • Provide student with instructor’s notes or help student obtain quality notes from other students
  • Allow student to audio record lectures for later playback
  • Provide both oral and written instructions; clarify instructions
  • For lectures, provide student with an outline or study guide when available
  • Allow use of a portable computer with spelling and grammar checks for assignments and note-taking
]]> 2023-03-22 18:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527670925 Visual impairment among 10–14-year school children in Puducherry: A cross-sectional study https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527673718 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5629901/]]> 2023-03-22 18:55:25 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527673718 Making Education Accessible to Deaf Children https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527675567 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_Q7axl4oXY]]> 2023-03-22 18:56:59 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527675567 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527681220 2023-03-22 19:01:40 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527681220 Causes of Hearing Loss in Children https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527682145 https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/causes-of-hearing-loss-in-children/
Why is otitis media so common in children?

The eustachian tube, a passage between the middle ear and the back of the throat, is smaller and more nearly horizontal in children than in adults. Therefore, it can be more easily blocked by conditions such as large adenoids and infections. Until the eustachian tube changes in size and angle as the child grows, children are more susceptible to otitis media.

]]> 2023-03-22 19:02:30 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527682145 Four Ways Poor Vision Can Affect Learning In Children https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527683897 https://evansandpiggotteyecare.com/four-ways-poor-vision-can-affect-learning-children/

1 in 10 children has vision problems significant enough to affect their learning? The traditional “20/20” vision screening, often administered to children at schools and pediatrician offices, fails to diagnose more than 50% of these serious vision problems. Since 80% of learning happens through sight, a vision-related learning problem can greatly hinder your child’s ability to succeed at school.  ]]> 2023-03-22 19:04:07 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527683897 11. Multiple disabilities https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527704554 According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act’s (IDEA), multiple disabilities refers to “concomitant [simultaneous] impairments (such as intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, etc.), the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf-blindness.”]]> 2023-03-22 19:23:02 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527704554 Assistive Technologies https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527722278 2023-03-22 19:39:29 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2527722278 Accommodations bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531089030 Visual supports:
First-Then visual cards (routines)
Visual schedule
https://www.autismspeaks.org/tool-kit/atnair-p-visual-supports-and-autism]]> 2023-03-25 05:06:12 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531089030 Accommocations bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531100859 I have worked with students who showed signs of dyslexia and got no support from their families. “Dyslexic children and adults struggle to read fluently, spell words correctly and learn a second language, among other challenges” (The Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity, 2017, para. 3). When having no access to assistive technology, I made some accommodations to help students access the curriculum, such as enlarging texts, choosing dyslexia-friendly font and bolding and underlining key information in worksheets. 
http://www.dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/what-is-dyslexia/]]> 2023-03-25 05:53:14 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531100859 What is it? bingyidai1190 https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531107681  IDEA (2017) defines Speech or language impairment as "a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance" (para. 1).
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/regs/b/a/300.8/c/11]]> 2023-03-25 06:16:39 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531107681 Definition https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531230326
Other health impairment means having limited strength, vitality or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment, that is due to chronic or acute health problems. This includes, but is not limited to, asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and acquired brain injury.
https://www.fldoe.org/academics/exceptional-student-edu/ese-eligibility/other-health-impairment-ohi.stml
]]> 2023-03-25 11:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531230326 Other Health Impairment - The IDEA's Special Education Categories https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531230962 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxqvwSOQg8Y]]> 2023-03-25 11:57:33 UTC https://padlet.com/bingyidai1190/hossxq8lf3gubboz/wish/2531230962