-It can be important in the scenario of R as it can help nurses behind trusting bonds with him to allow him to feel heard and recuse his stress of struggling to talk. It can also benefit Jim as they can support him when he soils the bed by showing empathy and showing the understand his embarrassment

• an advantage is that it can help those understand and show empathy and compassion to help patients but a disadvantage is that it is very outdated

2) link this to personalisation and cater the health care around that person. empathy must be present to allow a personal connection between the career and the patient

3) advantages

creates that personal connection to a patient and feel care is catered for them

disadvantages

very outdated

empathy cant always be used if haven't experienced their situation

How can this be applied to Jim and R? - This can be applied to Jim and R as Volkelt talks about the personalised care. For example, R likes to crossdress so the staff and the carers can use empathy to understand how R feels when he gets judged for crossdressing.

Advantages:

provides respect

meets individuals needs

Disadvantages:

outdated

empathy can always be used

If personal identity and the object become one, so you don't just see the object - you feel it.

Jim: Jim is a happy man who has lost his wife, lost his independence and his daughter is not in regular contact with him. He has also been unable to do a lot of his past hobbies and has had a lot of his freedom taken away from him. Personalised care would benefit him because it would enable him to feel connected to other people and the communities he is a part of. He would eb able to build a strong trust with his carer as they gain an understanding of how the patient is coping and what they have experienced. This could be done by listening to Jim, treating him with respect and putting yourself in his shoes before criticising him. To be an empath, you must be highly intuitive and emotionally intelligent, you may become overwhelmed by painful emotions - such as anxiety and anger. Empaths have a tendency to take others problems on as their own.

R: As R is depressed, this needs to be acknowledged and recognised by his carer, they need to e bale to understand what he is going through in order to help him. He also ahs to live with epilepsy which will affect his everyday life, this needs to be empathised with as he will find this to be another large struggle. Lastly, R is very alone in his life after his stroke due to multiple reasons and these reasons need to be identified by the carer and not rushing him. Advantaged of personalized care would be promoting respect and understanding for his situation, all of his needs would be met and he would feel fully cared for. A disadvantage of personalised care being that empathy cannot always be used if the carer has not experienced what R has gone through before and therefore cannot understand what he is going through.

2) Personalised care can help R and Jim build a trusting relationship with the professionals working with them. This is especially good for R because he struggles to build relationships as he has insecure attachments.

3)Advantages: meeting individuals needs, promotes respect and understanding.

Disadvantages: outdated, emotional drain.

2) This can be applied to R as it allows him express himself freely in things such as the woman’s clothes he prefers to wear. This can be applied to Jim as it allows him to openly love his interests such as football.

3) Advantages:

• Promotion of understanding and respect

• Meeting individuals needs

Disadvantages:

• could argue it’s outdated

• Emotional drain

• The theory relies heavily on an individuals ability to empathise

This theory applies to Jim and R as it's important for care practitioners to personalise their approach towards these individuals in order to improve their experience as much as possible.

Advantages-

• This personalised approach helps service users feel appreciated

• meets Jim and R's needs effectively

• The professional and patient can establish trust and build a positive relationship

  Disadvantages

• It's an outdated theory

• It takes time to establish a connection

Volkelt believes in personalisation. Personalised care provides a shift in power and allows people to have a voice, to be heard and to connect with others. In the case of Jim, he enjoys going to football matches and watching the game. If his carers show an interest in this, for example, asking him about his favourite team and what he thought about the game that happened last Saturday, Jim will feel heard and connected to his carers, benefiting the relationship he has with them. As for R, having a personalised care will help build trusting bonds with him and allow him to feel respected and speak his voice.

Advantages:

• provides respect

• allows empathy and compassion to be shown

• creates a connection

Disadvantages:

• very outdated and so might not fit with todays standards/expectations

• empathy isn't always possible to show confidently when working with an individual if you haven't actually experienced something and you don't now what a situation feels like

2. This theory can be applied to individuals because he looks at why empathy is important and how staff statistics can be used to make care more personal and catered towards the patient. For example, R has a speech impediment so things can be difficult for him and so things should be implemented to help him. Jim is a Christian so the similar sort of thing could go for him such as personalised care and being able to remain in the community he is a part of and enjoys.

3. Advantages is that it can help the patient feel more close to the carer or professional since they are getting personalised care. It can also promote respect and understanding of the patient which can make a nicer environment and they will feel more included. The disadvantage is that it is very outdated so may not be as inclusive as new or recent policies and theories.

-this can benefit Jim and R as they can both supposedly receive empathy by every member of staff in the hospital so they can both feel understood and not alone so they can receive the best care. This especially helps out R because he suffers with depression.

- an advantage is that everyone has the capacity to feel empathy showing that it is able to always be shown so that everyone can feel loved and cared for so they can feel less isolated and reduce levels of stress and some forms of mental health. However a disadvantage is that just because everyone has the capacity to show and feel empathy doesn’t always mean that they will show it as some people has shorter tempers and less patience so they may not always show it which can upset others

2) for Jim the empathy can used to understand that his wife is dead and that he will miss her for R this can be used to empathise for the fact he struggles to make friends and that he has been divorced for 2 years and suffers from depression

3)

advantages

empathy is a very strong helper in looking after people

disadvantages

empathy can not always be applied when you don't

understand the situation

How can this theory be applied to Jim and R?- Can be applied as it provides empathy towards Jim and R if their professional carer had similar interests. They could feel understood. For example, R would benefit from this as he struggles with depression.

Advantages:

everyone can feel empathy so its able to shown

helps with mental health

feel loved

Disadvantages:

empathy cant be applied if the situation isnt understood

2)Jim and R can feel understood and recieve empathy for every member of staff. This will especially help R because he suffers with depression.

3)Advantages: getting to know the individual through likes/hobbies.

Disadvantages: empathy cant be applied when you don't understand the situation.

He invented the term empathy. The empathy process is universal and all humans have the capacity to emphasise continuously. Will benefit both Jim and R. Carers can relate to Jim and R to help improve their relationship.

Advantage-

• Makes them feel respected and valued

• Builds up a relationship

• Helps to build social connections

  Disadvantage

• Empathy can't always be applied at times

Jim: Jim needs empathy to ensure he feels understood in his current struggles, he has to feel like he is not alone in his current state. For example, if you know that Jim has been unable to play bowls due to his instability you need to be bale to see this may be causing him distress and try to negotiate ways you could make this possible for him. Another example being how he cannot see his daughter as she lives 60 miles away and his wife died 10 years ago, this will make him feel isolated and lonely so acknowledging this and trying to make him feel better is vital to his care. An advantage of empathy for Jim would be that the healthcare professional will be able to understand his perspective, emotions and needs. They will have improved communication between the two and this will create a supportive environment in Jim's home. Disadvantages of this being biases being generated and the fact that empathy may not be enough to address the situation and may not be enough to make Jim feel better.

R: R needs empathy to support him through his depression and solitary life. He has cut himself off from socialisation and needs to feel like he has somebody there at all times when he needs them and someone who understands what he is going through. For example, he split up with his partner two years ago which was probably his main source of comfort and socialisation. He could still be distraught over this and may miss them - he would need reassurance and someone there. Another example being he frequently has seizures and these can end in emotional and physical damage. The carer needs to be able to understand this and make him feel better. An advantage of empathy for R would be that the healthcare professional will be able to understand his perspective, emotions and needs. They will have improved communication between the two and this will create a supportive environment in Jim's home. Disadvantages of this being biases being generated and the fact that empathy may not be enough to address the situation and may not be enough to make R feel better.

• feel understood

• makes them feel valued and respected

  
  

• Disadvantages

• Can feel empathy fatigue

• Empathy can not always be applied

  
  

How can this be applied to Jim and R?- as it helps Jim and R feel accepted by having their problems embraced. For example, for R the professional shouldnt feel sorry for him because he has had a stroke but instead they should embrace him and help him

Advantages

helps mental health

helps them feel accepted

Disadvantages

may be overwhelming

might feel comfortable to have someone looking so deep into their feelings and life

- this can benefit Jim as he doesn’t want to accept help as he wants to be independent as he dresses himself when he is supposed to get help so the fact the carer won’t see him for being old but fir being confident and independent won’t bother Jim as it will help him feel more independence . This may also benefit R as they won’t look at him as a person who’s had a stroke but think of the way he dresses as veins confident and compliment him for it.

• An advantage is that it can help people feel better about themself and boost their self concept and make them feel more about theme of rather than letting their health define them. A disadvantage is that people might want to focus on their health rather than be distracted so may become annoyed if the subject is changed or may feel judged.

How can this be applied to Jim and R?- understanding how they behave and why they feel about things. For example, both Jim and R don't want use the support provided to them like their wheelchair and walking frame so a professional could empathize with their reason why

Advantages

encourages

help mental health

help overcome the insecurities

Disadvantages

might make them feel uncomfortable

might get annoyed at the professional for trying to change their views

2) for R this can be used to see him as not someone who has had a stroke but someone who is embracing it and dealing with what he is going through

for Jim it can be seeing him as not a old man but someone who is coping with the death of his wife and how he is dealing with it

3) advantage is allows to see people who they really are

disadvantages are that it can be difficult to do when you don't know a person

Jim: For example, Jim from one angle is a lonely old man but from another point of view he is a man who's family do not see him and who is struggling with losing his independence. Jim could use this theory in cases such as his wheelchair. He sees it as something for old people and something he doesn't want to use but he should eb seeing it as something that is going to help him go wherever he wants and do whatever he wants while being able to be independent. An advantage of this theory for him would eb that his carers get a better understanding of everything going in on his life and do not automatically judge him from the first impression. This also prevents discrimination towards Jim. A disadvantage of this theory being subjectivity which leads to misunderstandings or misinterpretations of him, it also enabled for the potential of biases to form and carers may empathise more for patients who have a similar experience to them.

R: R needs this theory as he also chooses to not accept the aids offered to him which he needs to step back and take a different approach to. Thus theory would enable him to have better care as he accepts people who truly do empathise for him and understand how hard he is struggling. By emphasising the importance of understanding individual experiences, the theory can help meet individual needs and encourage a personalised approach. Disadvantages being that this practice is hard to implement during care, and it requires individuals to genuinely empathise with others and this can be difficult in diverse settings.

This will benefit Jim and R as they will feel accepted by their carers, and can ask them to view their care from their point of view. This helps to meet their needs effectively.

Advantage-

• understands individual more

• boosted self concept

  Disadvantage

• lacks clarity

• this practice can be hard to implement a times

2. For R he wears clothes associated with women and instead of discriminating against him or making an obvious acknowledgement that he chooses to be himself the carer should embrace his differences and help him feel confident in his decisions.

3. Advantages:

• diversity is embraced

• boosts self confidence

Disadvantages

• Lacks clarity

2)It can help Jim and R to not feel judged by professionals. This is good for R as he can be judged for dressing in women's clothing and good for Jim as he can be judged for being incontinent.

3)Advantages: boost self concept, having more understanding of the person before judging.

Disadvantages: Make the individual feel uncomfortable.

R likes to dress in women's clothes, therefore, if someone wad to make a discriminatory comment towards R this would be morally wrong

advantages

• helps overcome insecurites

• helps people's understanding in diversity

  
  

  disadvantages

• could make someone feel uncomfortable

• professional might become frustrated as their they try to change their views

2) understanding how people feel and if they don't want to do things then understanding why like R not wanting to use his aids as he feel lesser for using them

Jim- understand why he doesn't want to use a hearing aid and how he feel like he is accepting his age if he does

3) advantages

encourage

helps mental health

disadvantages

feel uncomfortable

2) Can help someone realise that R dressing in women's clothing isn't wrong its just something that wouldn't do themselves.

3)Advantages: Helps overcome insecurities

Disadvantages: Could make someone feel uncomfortable.

Jim: The person caring for Jim needs to be strongly morally developed as they will have to argue with him a lot and negotiate what is right and wrong for him to ensure his he receiving the best quality of care possible. You will also have to make decisions such as if he is still okay to drive after his incident and other larger choices such as this. This theory would benefit Jim as it will promote understanding of his situation and allow the carer to debate what is ultimately best for him during their time caring for him, it encourages individuality which helps to meet individual needs and encourages a personalised approach all while recognising each of his experiences and needs such as the fact that Jim needs to use their lifeline but chooses not to even though it is best for him, you need to tell him otherwise. This method also prevents Jim from being discriminated against as he will be understood and accepted through his experiences are the carer is morally developed enough to feel empathy for him. Disadvantages of this theory being that empathy is a subjective emotion and can very greatly among individuals. this can lead to inconsistencies in care which would be negative for someone in Jim's state. The theory also focuses primarily on empathy and does not address other factors that may influence behaviour and attitudes.

R: The person caring R needs to be morally developed to help him recover from his depression and try to regenerate his social life he has hence lost. For example, seeing that he has a speech difficulty and how this may be affecting him emotionally when socialising he may need to be supported in talking to others and help being introduced to other people. the theory emphasises empathy and therefore encourages prosocial behaviour which can help prevent discrimination and meet individual needs. Disadvantages of this theory being that while empathy can promote understanding, it is also subjective and can lead to misinterpretations or favouritisms. R cannot be cared for in this way as he is struggling with so much and needs to carer to focus on him completely and fully understand what he is going through.

- this can benefit R as it can help one more social and feel more cared for as he has no friends. It can help Jim as they can support him with his activities with neighbour and help him be happier

-and advantage is it can help people in many ways

In the case of R, he enjoys dressing in clothes associated with women and some people may believe this is morally wrong and so wouldn't be able to bring themselves to help because they wouldn't be able to move past what he is wearing. This is morally wrong and may cause R to not dress how he wants to or act in a way he wants to in fear of being discriminated against, affecting his mental health. As for Jim, he is a committed Christian and some people of different beliefs might not support this and so won't want to offer support to help him. Again, this is morally wrong and will make Jim feel like an outcast in the care he receives which will affect his mental health.

Advantages:

• Individuals recognise the impact on their actions

• Makes people have a stronger understanding of right and wrong

• Makes morals a more talked about subject

Disadvantages:

• Re-enforces biases

• Motivates actions that are kind but morally wrong

• Prioritises individuals instead of groups.