CASE STUDY 1 by Xinyue Liang https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5 1. According to the author which have been the positive and negative aspects of having included the agricultural trade in the GATT/WTO Agreement? 2. The SPS agreement encourages the member countries to adopt measures which are in conformity with the international standards. These international standards are set by international bodies, which are they? 3. What kind of Organizations are responsible for the implementation of the legislations related to the SPS agreement in India? 4. Choose ONE of the areas or food products where India has faced problems and explain if it´s an issue related to the SPS or TBT agreement and how could solve it. 5. Based on the case, number your own conclusions. en-us 2020-09-02 23:58:35 UTC 2025-12-19 04:45:55 UTC hello@padlet.com 2. These international standards are set by international bodies, which are they? 20172286 https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716529848 The Codex Alimentarius Commission (Food safety (as mentioned above). 
1. International Office Epizootics (The OIE is an intergovernmental organization created by an international convention on January 25, 1924, signed by 28 countries. In May 2004, it had more than 167 members. It‘s main headquarters is in Paris and it's main objective is to safeguard animal health around the world.)
2. International Plant Protection Convention (The IPPC is a multilateral treaty supervised by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations that aims to ensure coordinated and effective action to prevent and control the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products.)
]]> 2020-09-03 00:01:43 UTC https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716529848 1. Positive and negative aspects including the agricultural trade in the GAT/WTO Agreement. 20163590 https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716530583 Positive
- First, it has been the inclusion of agricultural trade into its provisions into GATT/ WTO Agreement.
- Join to the international forum a cause of this, developing countries has benefits of trade in agriculture.
- The developing countries  is likely to be highly inelastic to changes in terms of trade due to WTO implementation.

Negative
- In the same time, other issues like subsidies or investment become controversial
- Important situation for developing countries which are highly dependent on their farm sector
-International commodity markets are controlled by a few multinational corporations.]]> 2020-09-03 00:02:15 UTC https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716530583 3. What kind of Organizations are responsible for the implementation of the legislations related to the SPS agreement in India? christianedu11 https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716530846
The main organizations in India implementing SPS are:

Ministry of Agriculture
  • Insecticide Act
  • Milk and Milk Product Control Order
  • Meat Food Product Order (1973)
Ministry of Rural Development: Directorate of Marketing
  • Agriculture Produce
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • Prevention of Food Adulteration (1954)
Ministry of Food Processing Industries
  • Fruit and Vegetables Product
Ministry of Commerce
  • Export (Quality Control and Inspection)
Ministry of Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution
  • Standards of Weights and Measures 
  • Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement)
  • Solvent Extracted Oils, De-oiled Meal and Edible Flour Control Order (1967)
  • Vegetables Product Control Order
  • Bureau of Indian Standards
Ministry of Environment and Forests
  • Aquaculture Authority Notification
  • Environment Protection , Environment
    Protection (Third) Amendment Rule
  • Coastal Regulation Zone

There are others like Bureau of Indian Standards, Food and Agriculture Department, Ministry of Food Processing Industry and Export Inspection Council

]]> 2020-09-03 00:02:28 UTC https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716530846 4. Food Products issue in India related to the SPS Agreement 20163736 https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716531574  This issue was related to the SPS Agreement, where India faced trouble in exporting its food products to other members of the SPS Agreement. This is the case of the Red Chilli Powder.
 
Red Chilli Powder
The EU prohibited its use in processed food after finding traces of Sudan Red in some export consignments of red chilli powder from India. This colorant was found to be potentially carcinogenic and required Red Sudan free certifications for spices included the red chilli powder in 2013. The EU  notified the appropriate agencies in India (the Spices Board and the Export Inspection Council) (EIC). Several cosigment of chilli powder have been rejected in the EU, even though the Spices Board says that the harmful effects of Sudan Red can occur only at consumption levels of chilli powder that are substantially higher than that even in countries like India, where chilli is a key ingredient in daily diets. Such high consumption levels are unforeseeable in the European countries.

How to solve this issue?
The EIC must establish regulations for the farmers to ensure the Sudan Red free requirement for exports to the EU.

]]> 2020-09-03 00:02:56 UTC https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716531574 5. CONCLUSIONS 20172286 https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716575639 1. It is true that regularizations and standards will afect international trade positively and negatively, but is always beneficial for all over the world having agreements such as SPS and TBT.
 
2 India needs to invest more in infrastructure, staff training, technology, investigation, etc. to comply with the sanitary and phytosanitary requirements demanded by the European market.]]> 2020-09-03 00:29:35 UTC https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716575639 Integrants 20163590 https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716584970 - Xinyue Liang
- Martha Watanabe
- Luz Sanchez
- Alexandra Walentin
- Valeria Sotelo
- Christian Ramos]]> 2020-09-03 00:34:57 UTC https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716584970 Bibliography & References 20163590 https://padlet.com/20172286/hnand7gntl3uagx5/wish/716600625 - Ghial, R. (2018). Case study on SPS measures and TBT measures in India: An analysis. International Journal of Academic Research and Development.

-Wkipedia. 2020. organización mundial de sanidad animal. Recovered from: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Sanidad_Animal

-Wikipedia. 2020. Convención internacional de protección fitosanitaria. Recovered from: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenci%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Protecci%C3%B3n_Fitosanitaria

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