Extrusive igneous rocks form from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface, resulting in fine-grained textures.

Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in coarse-grained textures.

Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of fragments of pre-existing rocks.

Organic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification of organic material.

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the precipitation of minerals from water solutions.

Foliated metamorphic rocks have a layered or banded appearance due to the alignment of mineral grains.

Non-foliated metamorphic rocks lack a layered or banded appearance and have mineral grains that are not aligned.