echo por gianluca passerini

El objetivo principal de estos tipos de virus informáticos es replicarse y actuar cuando son ejecutados. Cuándo se cumple una condición específica, el virus se pondrán en acción para infectar a los ficheros en el directorio o carpeta que se especifica en el archivo autoexec.bat Este archivo de procesamiento por lotes está siempre en el directorio raíz del disco duro y carga ciertas operaciones cuando el ordenador arranca. El virus infecta uno tras otro todos los archivos que encuentra y que previamente ha seleccionado como sus víctimas. También es capaz de infectar dispositivos externos. Cada vez que se ejecuta el código, estos tipos de virus informáticos cambian su ubicación para infectar nuevos archivos, pero generalmente se encuentra en el directorio raíz del disco duro.

2 Virus de sobreescritura

Estos tipos de virus informáticos se caracterizan por el hecho de que borran la información contenida en los ficheros que infectan, haciéndolos parcial o totalmente inútiles. Una vez infectados, el virus reemplaza el contenido del fichero sin cambiar su tamaño. La única manera de limpiar un archivo infectado por un virus de sobreescritura es borrar el archivo completamente, perdiendo así el contenido original. Sin embargo, es muy fácil de detectar este tipo de virus ya que el programa original se vuelve inútil.

3 Virus de sector de arranque

Este tipo de virus afecta al sector de arranque del disco duro. Se trata de una parte crucial del disco en la que se encuentra la información que hace posible arrancar el ordenador desde disco.

4 Macro Virus

Los macro virus infectan archivos que se crean utilizando ciertas aplicaciones o programas que contienen macros como .doc, .xls, .pps, etc. Estos mini programas hacen que sea posible automatizar una serie de operaciones para que se realicen como si fuera una sola acción, ahorrando así al usuario tener que llevarlas a cabo una por una. Estos tipos de virus informáticos infectan automáticamente el archivo que contiene macros y también infectan las plantillas y los documentos que contienen el archivo. Suele ser un virus que llega por correo electrónico.

5 Virus polimórfico

Estos tipos de virus informáticos se encriptan o codifican de una manera diferente, utilizando diferentes algoritmos y claves de cifrado cada vez que infectan un sistema. Esto hace imposible que el software antivirus los encuentre utilizando búsquedas de cadena o firma porque son diferentes cada vez.

6 Virus fat

La tabla de asignación de archivos FAT es la parte del disco utilizada para almacenar toda la información sobre la ubicación de los archivos, el espacio disponible, el espacio que no se debe utilizar, etc. Estos tipos de virus informáticos pueden ser especialmente peligrosos ya que impiden el acceso a ciertas secciones del disco donde se almacenan archivos importantes. Los daños causados pueden ocasionar la pérdida de información de archivos individuales e incluso de directorios completos

7 Virus de secuencias de comandos web

Muchas páginas web incluyen código complejo para crear contenido interesante e interactivo. Este código es a menudo explotado por estos tipos de virus informáticos para producir ciertas acciones indeseables.

CATALINA TERENZIO

 15th May 2018  Erika Hernandez

When we talk about computer security, the virus is the leading threat. It can destroy a single program or the whole computer system instead. The very first virus was created in the 1970s and was called the Creeper virus, affecting computers on the ARPANET. In 1981, the first hacker-made virus came into existence and spread through Apple floppy drives.

According to Information-Technology Promotion Agency, the numbers of viruses ballooned to 52,151 in 2004. However, due to certain programs that completely eliminate viruses, their numbers decreased to about 14,000 in 2010.

57% of the threats affecting your computer security is viruses. Other threats include Trojans, adware, worms, and malware, among others. Now, viruses are still widespread, affecting PC performance. Viruses are also tools of hackers to gain unauthorised access to your system and steal private information. It is important that you are aware of the different types of viruses that are affecting your computers.

Resident Virus

Resident viruses live in your RAM memory. It can interfere with normal system operation which can lead to the corruption of files and programs. The most popular examples of resident viruses are CMJ, Meve, MrKlunky, and Randex.

Multipartite Virus

This type of virus can easily spread in your computer system. It is very infectious, performing unauthorized actions in your operating system, in folders, and other programs on the computer. They have the ability to infect both the executable files and the boots sector.

Direct Action Virus

Direct action viruses attack certain types of files, typically .exe and .com files. The main purpose of this virus is to replicate and infect files in folders. On the lighter note, they do not typically delete files or affect PC performance and speed. It can be easily removed by antivirus programs.

Browser Hijacker

This type of virus infects your web browser in which it will bring you to different websites. Typically, if you key in a domain name in the internet address bar, the browser hijacker will open multiple fake websites that may harm your computer. On the other hand, most trusted browsers have built-in features to block them ahead.

Overwrite Virus

From the name itself, this virus overwrites the content of a file, losing the original content. It infects folders, files, and even programs. To delete this virus, you also need to get rid of your file. Thus, it is important to back up your data.

Web Scripting Virus

This virus lives in certain links, ads, image placement, videos, and layout of a website. These may carry malicious codes in which when you click, the viruses will be automatically downloaded or will direct you to malicious websites.

Boot Sector Virus

Boot sector viruses affect floppy disks. They came to existence when floppy disks are important in booting a computer. Although they are not very common today, it is still causing other computer units, especially the outdated ones. Some examples include Polyboot.B and AntiEXE.

Macro Virus

Macro viruses target applications and software that contain macros. These viruses can carry out series of operations affecting the performance of the program or software. Some examples of macro viruses are O97M/Y2K, Bablas, Melissa.A, and Relax.

Directory Virus

Directory viruses change file paths. When you run programs and software that are infected with directory viruses, the virus program also runs in the background. Further, it may be difficult for you to locate the original app or software once infected with directory viruses.

Polymorphic Virus

Polymorphic viruses use a special method of encoding or encryption every time they infect a system. With this, antivirus software finds it hard to locate then using signature searches. They are also capable of replicating easily. Polymorphic viruses include Satan Bug, Elkern, Tuareg, and Marburg.

File Infector Virus

This virus also infects executable files or programs. When you run these programs, the file infector virus is activated as well which can slow down the program and produce other damaging effects. A large block of existing viruses belongs to this category.

Encrypted Virus

This type of virus uses encrypted malicious codes which make antivirus software hard to detect them. They can only be detected when they decrypt themselves during replication. Although they don’t delete files or folders, they can badly affect PC performance.

Companion Virus

This is a type of virus that doesn’t survive without accompanying an existing file or folder. In order to carry out damages, the file or folder being accompanied by companion viruses should be opened or run. Some examples of companion viruses include Terrax.1069, Stator, and Asimov.1539.

Network Virus

Basically, this type of virus spreads out through Local Network Area (LAN) and through the internet. These viruses replicate through shared resources, including drives and folders. When network viruses enter a computer, they look for their potential prey. Dangerous network viruses include Nimda and SQLSlammer.

Nonresident Virus

Nonresident viruses replicate through modules. When the module is executed, it will select one or more files to infect.

Stealth Virus

Stealth viruses trick antivirus software by appearing like they are real files or programs and by intercepting its requests to the OS. Some antivirus software cannot detect them. Sometimes, it temporarily removes itself from the system without deletion.

Sparse Infector

Sparse infectors use different techniques to minimize its detection. They are viruses that infect “occasionally”. For example, they may only want to infect a program every tenth execution. Because they are occasional infectors, antivirus software has a hard time detecting them.

Spacefiller Virus

Also known as “cavity” viruses, spacefillers attach themselves to the file and can alter the start of the program or change the encrypted code. They also implement stealth techniques so that users cannot determine the increase the file code. The most popular Spacefiller is the Lehigh virus.

FAT Virus

Basically, this type of virus ruins file allocation system where the information about files, including the location, exist.

Others

Other threats are not technically called as “virus”, but they also have the same damaging effects as viruses. This includes worms, adware, malware, Trojan, and ransomware.

To prevent these viruses from affecting your computer, it is important that you install the best and the most competitive antivirus software that can detect, block, and eliminate all types of computer viruses.