3 things he says that are significant:

• Take up the white mans burden (of civilizing other people/colonization)

• The judgement of your peers (speaking to americans, they should seek approval of britain)

• (as a foreword in the poem, says the poem is a response to american takeover of the Philippines)

We chose the second source, "Shooting An Elephant".

1. This source is a primary source because it's a first-hand account story. Since the story is written in first person, it makes it a primary source and not a secondary source.

2. The author is George Orwell, and he is an English novelist who usually writes pieces about social criticism. He wrote this piece as a powerful metaphor to show his critique of imperialism.

3. "As for job I was doing, I hated it more bitterly than I can perhaps make clean"

   This is significant because the author is a British police officer who hates his job. Usually, police officers serve their country because they love to keep people safe, but in this case, the author shows hatred towards the country's goals and his job.

   "With another part I thought that the greatest joy in the world would be to drive a bayonet into a buddhiists preists guts."

   These lines are significant to the author's perspective because he continues to show deep hatred and talks of violence towards many topics. This is important because a police officer who has access to weapons but has an unstable mental capacity is dangerous to the community they are trying to keep safe.

   "The owner was furious, but he was only an Indian and could do nothing."

   The author previously talked about his negative opinions on imperialism, which made me think as a reader that he treated others of different races the same, but this comment he makes shows that he thinks little of Indian people. He acknowledges that the Indian owner could be upset, but cannot do anything.

Matias Burzenski

Kosei Abe

Source 1: Ruyard Kipling, The White mans burden

1. Primary source since it was a poem from that time period.

2. He was a British imperial poet and supported imperialistic ideals.

3. .Every stanza begins with the line "Take up the White man's burden", which is significant as it shows that he has a white savior complex.

   .The line "Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half-child." showing that he views them as savages which "justifies" his white savior complex.

   ."To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.", This is significant as while imperialism may progress a civilization faster then they would without help it comes at the cost of being colonized not reaping the full benefits of the profits that come from their land.

1. This source was a primary source as it was a first hand retelling of a story by the author.

2. Prior to research, we didn’t know anything about the author, but after researching him, we found out that George Orwell, real name Eric Arthur Blair, was born in India, and worked as an officer in the imperial police in India. With this information, it is understandable as to why he opposed imperialism. Being a white man born in India rather than one who moved there gives him a more personal experience to the native land and first hand seeing the effects of imperialism.

3. Quotes by the author:

   “Theoretically – and secretly, of course – I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British. As for the job I was doing, I hated it more bitterly than I can perhaps make clear.” This quote shows proof that the author opposed the British imperialism taking place in Burma.

   “As a police officer I was an obvious target and was baited whenever it seemed safe to do so” This quote is significant because it shows that even though the author is working a job in support of the British, he was not respected and disliked doing it. It seems as though he was just doing it because it was expected of him.

   “In a job like that you see the dirty work of Empire at close quarters... all these oppressed me with an intolerable sense of guilt”. This quote shows Orwell’s internal confliction as he is ironically a participant, but it also reveals imperialism as a system maintained through violence, humiliation, and complacency, rather than order or morality.

Article: Shooting An Elephant

1. Source: Primary

The author is telling his own personal story about imperialism in the first-person.

2. George Orwell is a well-known English Novelist. His two best known works are "Animal Farm" (1945), which criticizes socialist ideals of the Soviet Union, and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1989) that explores themes of totalitarianism and surveillance. Orwell was thought to have strong opposition to totalitarianism and a commitment to democratic socialism which is heavily reflected in his writing.

3. -

   • "As a police officer I was an obvious target and was baited whenever it seemed safe to do so. When a nimble Burman tripped me up on the football field and the referee (another Burman) looked the other way, the crowd yelled with hideous laughter".

     This Quote is significant because it shows us how Europeans were seen and treated by the Burmese.

   • "All I knew that I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my range against the evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible."

     This quote reveals Orwell's internal conflict as an officer, showing that imperialism harms not only the colonized but also the colonizer.

   • "In a job like that you see the
     dirty work of Empire at close quarters. The wretched prisoners
     huddling in the stinking cages of the lock-ups, the grey, cowed faces of the long-term convicts, the scarred buttocks of the men who had been Bogged with bamboos – all these oppressed me with an intolerable sense of guilt".

     This quote is significant because the author tells us about his first hand experience working as an officer in Burma. The authors descriptions help explain how poorly the Burmese prisoners were treated.

Shooting an Elephant

1. Primary source - George Orwell wrote about his own experience as an officer in Burma.

2. George Orwell is a famous writer and a Democratic Socialist. A lot of his works are about authoritarian governments and corruption. He wrote Animal Farm and 1984

3. Many people didn't agree with imperialism but had no choice but to serve as one of the imperial officers. He had to uphold an image of authority and power as an officer. He expressed that imperialism damages both sides; it puts pressure on and traps the colonizers in a position they must uphold, and dehumanizes the colonized people.

1. This is a primary source, as it was written by an individual who experienced the event being written about, and the event was written about not long after the event occurred.

2. I know that George Orwell is a famous British writer, who is well known for writing the book 1984, and from this source I also know that he served as a police officer in Burma at one point in his life. Orwell was motivated to write about this experience and his feelings about imperialism due partially as a result of his later profession of becoming a writer, but also because he experienced the effects of imperialism first hand during his time in Burma. His experiences in Burma led him to believe that imperialism was blatantly evil, in no small part due to how he believed that it managed to negatively affect both the oppressor and the oppressed party.

3. One thing the author said that we found to be significant was that, by the time of writing the document, Orwell believed that "imperialism was an evil thing", and that he was, "all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British.". We believed this to be significant due to how even as a member of the party that was oppressing the Burmese people, Orwell believed imperialism to be a blatantly evil thing as a result of his experiences with imperialism. A second thing the author said that we found to be significant was how, as someone who was tasked with carrying out imperialistic ideals, he "grasped the hollowness, the futility of white man's dominion in the East.". We found this to be significant as it spoke to how, as someone who experienced and carried out the will of imperialism with his own hands, he was forced to see just how pointless and ineffective a system like imperialism is, as it forced him to lose his freedom in service of upholding an image in the eyes of the Burmese people. A third significant statement made by the author that reinforces the ineffectual nature of imperialism, is the statement, "a white man mustn't be frightened in front of "natives"; and so, in general, he isn't frightened.". We believe this statement to be significant as it truly highlights the author's beliefs about one of the reasons he believes imperialism to be evil, as in addition to forcing the Burmese people to obey "the white man's" whims, it also forces the oppressors to make decisions in service of upholding a certain image in the eyes of the oppressed, leading nobody to have free will in the situation.

The white man's burden is a primary source; why not the other is because it was made during the time of the event written from first hand experience.

2. The author was born during the 1800s living in the British colony of India. He wrote this poem while in America to convince other European's that imperialism is a duty that they must do in order to insure order upon the world.

3. "Take up the White man's burden" - which was a popular ideology that supported and justified the act of colonialism by western countries as a necessary act to civilize and better the world.

   "Fill full the mouth of Famine, And bid the sickness cease;" -The view of colonizers and how they felt that what they were doing was a aid to the people they conquered saving them from their own demise. But, in reality colonialist act of "services" led many of these people into despair and sufferings.

   "The savage wars for peace;" - A quote said to justify the terror of colonialism as a necessary act of violence in order to bring peace.

1. Primary source, we have inferred this for the reason that it is written in first person.

2. Experience on reading his book "Animal farm", In the text it also talks about how he is a European in Moulmein Burma. He gives his own testament about his experiences which gives us information on his views against imperialism because of how oppressing he views the citizens in Burma as well as being oppressed.

3. a. It is ironic how the author has similar ideals with the people that ridicule him; "I was all for the Burmese, and all against their oppressors, The British." In the end he reflects and wasn't satisfied with his homeland for being some sort of the cause.

   b. "A white man mustn't be frightened in front of "natives"; and so, in general, he isn't frightened" at the time of him being a white man, he is more deluded to follow the "white man" expectations and could get carried away with what he actually wants to do.

   c. "The friction of the great beast's foot had stripped the skin from his back as neatly as one skin a rabbit"; Throughout the story the author has mention that his actions were mostly in part of the peer pressure of the 2000 citizens and the "white man" expectations. In the end the elephant has already caused tragedy which could've helped the author go through with his decision to kill the elephant because in the end, that is his duty.

"Fill full the mouth of famine"

This was significant because he thought it was a noble act and failed to acknowledge imperial policies and didn't consider their own ways of ruling and caring for their civillians.

"The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread"

This is also significant because it was telling how the workers shouldn't take pleasure in it and that some of them may even die and it furthers the narrative that it was a burden.

1. The source is a secondary source

2. The author, Charles Hymas, is a Home Affairs Editor for The Daily Telegraph. He is based in London and was the head of news for Sunday times for 28 years. Due to the fact that he lives in London part of his motivation for writing this may be personal interest because it directly affects him. He seems to be passionate about social and political issues which might imply he is against imperialism since a lot of his articles are humanitarian and addressing issues of human rights.

3. The author mentions that people are fleeing from prisons in syria and immigrating which is important because immigration is very relevant in the world today. He writes about Mr Hall, who said the position of the children in the UK was “brutal” as there was a risk they could be “hunted down and killed.” This is important because it shows that this is a human rights issue and that children are involved. Finally, he says “But the ethical point is very strong. They are entirely innocent. They were brought there by dreadful parents and it’s not their fault.” He is talking about immigration and explains that despite their efforts to maintain safety in the UK, the children need to be protected.