Distribution of energy resources in Lebanon by

With the Current: Hydro Power
Firstly, hydropower is the most established renewable energy resource in Lebanon and contributes to around 4.5% of the energy mix with a nominal capacity of 280 MW (MEW, 2018). Lebanon is currently looking to expand hydropower with the recent call to “build and operate hydroelectric plant” (MEW, 2018). However, Dr. Kinab, an engineering professor at the Lebanese University and renewable energy expert, explains hydraulic energy production has largely been inconsistent due to intermittent rainfalls and poor maintenance.
In this analysis, the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) is used as it measures break-even point (Energy Education, 2018). The LCOE of hydropower is estimated to be around $9c per KWH (El Fadel, Hammond, Harajli, Jones, Kabakian, Jones, 2009). The long term viability is confirmed as the levelised cost is inferior to the projected selling price of $12c per KWH to EDL (MEW, 2018).

Wind Energy
Wind energy is an untapped resource in Lebanon with extremely restricted production (Kinab, El Khoury, 2012). According to the Wind Atlas published in 2010, Lebanon has the potential to produce approximately 5,400 MW of wind energy (UNDP, 2010). The recently approved tender by the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) of 200MW in Akkar is promising for all parties involved. In fact, Electricite du Liban (EDL), the national utility agency, will sell power at a gain and provide stable electric current for around 145,000 households (Riachi, 2018).

In favorable weather situations, we find the LCOE to be around $7.8c per kilowatt hour (KWH) (Kassis, 2013). Akkar’s wind farms will sell the KWH for $10.75c which gives them a margin of profit to recover their initial investment (Riachi, 2018). Since the market price is higher than the levelised cost, we infer the profitability of the project. This instance proves the viability of potential wind farms in Lebanon with EDL as prime customer.

Solar Power
Solar energy is also a valuable resource in Lebanon. With around 3000 hours of sunshine, the addition of this energy source to the national grid could greatly contribute to the growth of clean energy in Lebanon (Kinab, El Khoury, 2012). Solar energy currently represents around .26% of the country’s energy mix (UNDP, 2017). To grow this energy source, the MEW is launching two separate bids for solar farms with total production capacity of around 450 MW (MEW, 2018).

According to Dr. Harajli, project manager of CEDRO at the UNDP, the cost of generation of solar energy could reach as low as $6c per KWH in the upcoming bids. This could also contribute to considerable savings in oil expenditures. Given EDL’s average production cost of about $17c per KWH, solar energy is a sustainable alternative for Lebanon with savings of up to $11c per KWH (Bassil, 2010).

IMPORT ENERGY RSOURCE
Lebanon imports most of its energy. As of August 2016, electricity generation capacity in Lebanon still does not meet the country's demand. The country suffers frequent blackouts, and many households and businesses rely on diesel generators for electricity. Lebanon is also importing electricity from Syria.

LEBANONS GAS EXPORT
One of the key decisions that Lebanon must make once natural gas is extracted off the country's coast is determining how much will be earmarked for export. Securing export markets is central to a strategy of maximizing gains from offshore gas and providing the right incentives for international companies to develop these resources.

But gas production is not likely to begin before the mid-2020s. Until then, Lebanon would need to import all of its gas requirements in order to increase the share of natural gas in the energy mix. Lebanon’s economy could significantly benefit from interim imports of natural gas. In 2013, Lebanon’s imports of oil and its derivatives amounted to $5.11 billion representing 11.4% of its GDP. The Ministry of Energy and Water has estimated that at a price of $90 per barrel, Lebanon could save $1.9 billion on its annual fuel bill if it switches its power generation to gas. In addition to these savings, increasing the share of gas in the power generation mix would bring with it substantial environmental benefits.

In order to achieve these gains, however, the government should adopt a clear policy regarding the pricing of gas for the domestic market. Since gas demand is closely linked to electricity demand, it is essential that the government begin reforming the power sector and electricity pricing methods. Électricité Du Liban (EdL) suffers from very large financial and operating losses, which constitute between 20% and 25% of the government’s primary expenditure. EdL also suffers from chronic underinvestment, which has prevented it from modernizing its grid and expanding power generation capacity.

Increasing the proportion of gas in the power mix would also require heavy investment in the gas grid, including the planned project to build a 173 kilometer, 36-inch coastal gas pipeline connection.

Energy consumption in Lebanon
The most important measure in the energy balance of Lebanon is the total consumption of
15.71 billion kWh
of electric energy per year. Per capita this is an average of 2,292 kWh.
Lebanon can provide itself completely with self-produced energy. The total production of all electric energy producing facilities is 18 bn kWh, also 112% of own requirements. The rest of the self-produced energy is either exported into other countries or unused. Along with pure consumptions the production, imports and exports play an important role. Other energy sources such as natural gas or crude oil are also used.

Usage of renewable energies
1)Renewable energies include wind, solar, biomass and geothermal en inergy sources. This means all energy sources that renew themselves within a short time or are permanently available. Energy from hydropower is only partly a renewable energy. This is certainly the case with river or tidal power plants. Otherwise, numerous dams or reservoirs also produce mixed forms, e.g. by pumping water into their reservoirs at night and recovering energy from them during the day when there is an increased demand for electricity. Since it is not possible to clearly determine the amount of generated energy, all energies from hydropower are displayed separately.
2)Lebanon is blessed with an abundance of water, wind and sun. Yet so far this potential is so far nearly not explored while citizens even in the center of Beirut face daily power cuts of at least three hours. So how could tapping the country’s renewables be an asset for the Government of Lebanon to provide stable electric services throughout the country? . By exploring clean energies, the relevant authorities could hit two birds with one stone in terms of environmental and economic benefits. Moving towards clean energy would at the same time reduce their dependency on fossil fuels. This transition can also lead to political independence by protecting Lebanon from the impact of changing trends in energy m
We are now witnessing initial breakthroughs in the field with the recent allocation of power purchase agreements (PPAs) to three wind farms in Akkar (Riachi, 2018). However, private investors and other stakeholders still face harsh obstacles in the implementation of renewable energy projects. This study will elaborate on the prospect and the hurdles in the shift to hydraulic, wind and solar energy.

% of countries energy consumption is supplied by renewable energy
Lebanon can provide itself completely with self-produced energy. The total production of all electric energy producing facilities is 18 bn kWh, also 112% of own requirements.
...
Production capacities per energy source.
Energy source Renewable energy
Gesamt kWh -- 205.51 m
Anteil LBN 1,0 %
Anteil Europe 19,7 %

current project in renewable energy
Firstly, hydropower is the most established renewable energy resource in Lebanon and contributes to around 4.5% of the energy mix with a nominal capacity of 280 MW (MEW, 2018). Lebanon is currently looking to expand hydropower with the recent call to “build and operate hydroelectric plant”

future project
To prepare for future needs, Lebanon has set out to diversify its energy mix. This started with national action plans to scale up renewables and improve energy efficiency in 2016-2020, with an initial target for solar, wind, bioenergy and hydropower to cover some 12% of primary energy consumption.

conclusion
You have learned about the pros and cons of several different types of resources and how they make energy. Renewable energy is also called ‘Clean Energy’ or ‘Green Power’ because it . Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources— such as sunlight,wind,rain,tides and geothermal heat—which are. Renewable energy is the energy that is derived from the earth. energy conservation is to conserve energy fr futher. It is time for BC to invest in the future of clean, affordable and efficient wind energy.
Modern fuels have significantly replaced biofuels in urban areas. The consumption of electricity and LPG is rapidly increasing. Growing population in urban areas, escalating cost of petroleum based products, the limitations on distribution of commercial energy sources and lack of purchasing power among vast majority of people, make it unlikely that urban household situation will change substantially in near future.
Consumers are now entered into a new phase of fuel scarcity, where struggle is not for finding wood, but to obtain enough dung, straw and crop residues to cook their food. No single fuel can meet the growing demands of urban household energy. Urban consumers are using and will use in future too almost all kinds of energy sources ranging from traditional biofuel to modern LPG, electricity.
Urban poor are continuosly deterred by the high cost of modern fuels and equipment to use them. On the basis of household income, policy shall be formulated to determine improved access to kerosene and LPG fuel. Urban household energy problem is multi-dimensional which need to be tackled through integrated approach focussing augmentation of various energy supply sources, development of low cost energy options and efficient use of fuels.

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