• Describe the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures.

2.2 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Core Objectives

• Describe the structure of the atom (nucleus with protons & neutrons, electrons in shells).

• State relative charges and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.

• Define:

  • Proton number (atomic number) as the number of protons.

  • Mass number (nucleon number) as the total number of protons and neutrons.

• Determine electronic configuration for elements and ions with proton numbers 1 to 20.

• State that:

  • Group VIII noble gases have a full outer shell.

  • The number of outer electrons equals the group number (Groups I to VII).

  • The number of electron shells equals the period number.

2.3 Isotopes

Core Objectives

• Define isotopes as atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

• Interpret and use symbols for atoms and ions (e.g., ₆¹²C, ₁₇³⁵Cl⁻).

Supplement Objectives

• State that isotopes have the same chemical properties (same electronic configuration).

• Calculate relative atomic mass from isotope masses and abundances.

Your Mission:

1. Design Tấm's Plan: How can she use science to win her chance to go to the festival? Describe her step-by-step actions.

2. Explain the Magic (Science!): For each step, identify the property of pepper or salt being used (like whether it dissolves, floats, or burns) and the separation method (like dissolution/filtration, flotation, etc.).