-Made their way into politics before they could even vote between 1890 and world war 1

-Stressed the needs of the poor and created the early welfare state

-Carved out new opportunities in social work and public health

-Didn't always agree on the same social reforms 

-Distrust of monopolies

Appreciation of social bond

-Modern techniques of social planning and efficiency would help resolve issues better

-Did not add up to a specific ideology, focused on unregulated individual power

-Often located in poor, urban, immigrant communities

-Houses were home to middle class savvy women who wanted to help communities

-Immigrants families visited the houses participating in activities

-Visiting nurses taught good hygiene habits to immigrants

-Kindergarten and day cares were also held at the houses

-Most settlement houses identified themselves with Protestant Christianity, and indeed, in response, Catholic and Jewish activists founded their own institutions

-Florence Kelley, Illinois’s first State Factory Investigator, who would later move to New York to become the head of the National Consumers League (NCL)

-Dr. Alice Hamilton, America’s founder of industrial medicine

-Julia Lathrop, became the first woman to head a federal agency when she became director of the newly founded US Children’s Bureau in 1912

-Eleanor Roosevelt, who worked at the Riverside Settlement in New York City before her marriage to Franklin Roosevelt

-Many argued housekeeping and child care could be pursued other ways

-This was for stay at home women to be able to pursue other occupations

-Promoted women’s autonomy to be normalized and cared about

-Argued women should have the choice to be mothers

Recent scholars that social progressive women of the progessive era led to modern feminism 

-The movement gained notice through muckrakers

The NAACP was formed and was a major factor in spreading the word about the horror of lynching

-The muckraker Ida B. Wells was a significant figure in the anti-lynching movement after 3 of her friends were lynched

-Woodrow Wilson refused to pass antilynching laws because it would have separated America more and ruined his chances of being reelected

-The laws were named “Jim Crow” laws after a white character that dressed up as a black person and mocked them

-The simple tasks of life were even separated like riding a bus or drinking water

-In the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson Jim Crow laws were deemed constitution because they were “separate but equal”

-However, colored facilities were usually in worse condition

-This included 
implementing a literacy test that the voter must understand a part of the Constitution

-Those who owned more than $300 in property or who’s ancestor could vote before the ratification of the 13th amendment

-Since black people were enslaved before the 13th amendment and most were poor, this targeted them greatly

-WEB Du Bois was one of the founding members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

-The NAACP helped spread anti-lynching legislation using their resources and magazines

-All of his efforts were towards gaining equal rights for black people in a world dominated by whites and debunking the myths that black people are inferior to white people

-Du Bois quote- “Now is the accepted time, not tomorrow, not some more convenient season. It is today that our best work can be done and not some future day or future year. It is today that we fit ourselves for the greater usefulness of tomorrow. Today is the seed time, now are the hours of work, and tomorrow comes the harvest and the playtime.”

-These include the Jim Crow laws and lynching done by anti-colored hate groups

-Organizations were formed in order to stop the hate 

-Organizations include the NAACP and The Niagara Movement

-African American leaders during this time helped sculpt the Civil Rights

-They reported the working conditions in their work and published it for the public to see

-The pressure of the public convinced states to pass anti child labor laws

-John Spargo was a muckraker that wrote “The Bitter Cry of Children” talking about the horrors of working conditions

-They earned an average of $4 per week

-This was a fraction of what adult laborer earned for these hours 

-Children died or became permanently disabled due to accidents at a higher rate than adult workers

-Families deliberately moved to cities from rural areas for their children to work in factories

-Children were separated from their families and enslaved in work places

-Child labor occured in large numbers in the mines, glass factories, textiles, agriculture, canneries, and home industries

-Gaps still remained, especially in the south

-This called for federal child labor laws

-Congress passed child labor laws in 1916 and 1918, but the Supreme Court declared them unconstitutional 

-Anti-child labor activists wanted a constitution amendment to authorize federal child labor legislation

-Congress passed the amendment in 1924, but many states failed to ratify this amendment due to the conservative 1920s political climate and fear of full federal control

-Pushed that getting an education was necessary to achieve self benefit and a stronger nation

-States began to implement minimum hours and attendance laws 

-There was a lot of loopholes and laws were not enforced

-Roosevelt’s presidential plan is known as the “Square Deal” 

-The Square Deal emphasized Theodore’s three main goals

-Conservation of natural resources

-Control of corporations

-Consumer protection

-He established 5 national parks, 51 bird reserves, and 151 national forests

-In foreign policies, he began the construction of the Panama Canal in Central America

-He helped to end the Russo-Japanese War which earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906

-He avoided confrontation with economics but supported antitrust policies

-He was Roosevelt’s VP

-He was more conservative than Roosevelt

-He was often in the shadow of Roosevelt

-Only had one term

-Founded the Children’s Bureau in 1912

-Regulated Railroad corruption and rates

-Pushed for the ratification of the 16th Amendment

-Wilson ran as a democrat

-Only the second democratic candidate since the end of the Civil War

-His presidential plan was known as “New Freedom”

-The Federal Trade Commission was initiated investigating big business

-The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 was also initiated

-The Federal Reserve Act of 1914 was initiated where banks are controlled by the federal government

-He did not address the wanted antilynching laws because of the strict political climate of the 1920s

-Under his presidency the United States entered World War 1