To cite or quote the article in the text, an in-text citation is included when we refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in the paper, there must be a corresponding entry in the reference list.

APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Jablonski et. al., 2017).

For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Jablonski et al., 2017, p. 123) . 

For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number. 

Jablonski, D., Mrocek, J., Gruľa, D., & Christophoryová, J. (2017). Attempting courtship between Emys orbicularis and Trachemys scripta (Testudines: Emydidae). Herpetology Notes, 10, 123-126. 

It is important to remove non-native turtle species from sites having indigenous turtle species to ensure successful mating of the indigenous species. 
(22 words)

c) What is your opinion about the article? (not more than 50 words)

In our opinion, the article gives a complete and detailed information about the attempted courtship between male E. orbicularis and female T. scripta that occurs repeatedly thus could potentially lead to a reduction of gravid females of E. orbicularis in the long term. (40 words)

 

T. scripta was found to be more aggressive compared to M. leprosa native. It was more rigorous in heterospecific individuals. (Polo-Cavia, López and Martín, 2010). 

Question 2

 

Polo-Cavia, N., López, P. and Martín, J. (2010). Aggressive interactions during feeding between native and invasive freshwater turtles. Biological Invasions, 13(6), pp.1387-1396. 

Question 3
What is the take home message of the article?  (not more than 25 words) 

T.scripta is more dominant and aggressive than M.leprosa which cause displacement of the current native species.
(16 words) 

Question 4
 This study is quite unique compared to other invasive species studies as it focuses on the ecological relationship between Trachemys scripta elegans (invasive) and Mauremys leprosa (native)
terrapins. The study uses an interesting experimental design to simulate the terrapins’ competitive behaviour in the wild, making the impact of invasive species more quantifiable.

Both Alien and native compete for food, basking places or nesting sites. Alien species are more advantageous as they have larger adult body size, a more diverse diet, a higher fecundity and a greater tolerance to pollution and human presence. 

 
C Opinion:
The introduction of alien species is a very irresponsible act by human as it could bring irreversible and destructive impact to native species. The introduction of Trachemys scripta has caused native Iberian turtles to become an endangered species in last decades. 

Group members:
Teo Shi Huey 126202
Low Li Huie 126148
Low Tek Joo 125897
Zou Bei 123082

Answer :
The existing asymmetries in morphology, ecology and behavioural responses of native Iberian turtles and introduced red eared sliders, resulting from adaptatio  to their respective natural habitats, seem to be jointly responsible for thr greater competitive ability of exotic Trachemys scripta

Question 3 :
c) What is your opinion about the article?
Answer :
Our opinion is it tell us about the effect of introducing invasive species on the habitat and the native species. The interactions between Trachemys scripta and the Iberian turtles shows the existence of competition such as food, basking places and nesting sites.

ii - How do you write the citation in your reference list ?

b) What is the take home message of the article ?

c) What is your opinion about the article ?

(Cadi & Joly, 2004)  

(ii) How do you write the citation in your reference list? 

Cadi, A., & Joly, P. (2004). Impact of the introduction of the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) on survival rates of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). Biodiversity & Conservation, 13(13), 2511-2518. doi: 10.1023/B:BIOC.0000048451.07820.9c 

b) What is the take home message of the article?  (not more than 25 words)

Do not simply introduced a species to another places without knowing their truely natural habitat and adaptation.

c) What is your opinion about the article? (not more than 50 words)
Increase the sample size so the result will be more accurate and variable. Some results are not successfully been discriminate between competition and density, so it is important to study the food resources and ecology of the introduced species to make sure it will not be a pest once introduced.