In Inca and Andean culture, people created many traditional clothes and accessories, such as ponchos, abrigos, ojotas, fajas, and leather goods. To make them, artisans used simple but effective tools: wooden looms and spindles for weaving, bone or metal needles for sewing, natural dyes from plants or insects for coloring, and knives or punches to shape and stitch leather. Every piece was handmade, which made their work slow but full of meaning and creativity.

Over time, technology has changed their work. Machines now make weaving, cutting, and sewing much faster, and modern dyes help fabrics last longer. Some artisans also use design programs to plan their patterns before creating them. Even though technology makes production easier, many still choose to work by hand to preserve their traditions and keep their culture alive.

They were skilled farmers, also they do livestock and trade.

They use tools like a:

• Tralhuen and küxüño in agriculture

• Bow and arrow in hunt also riblon

Roman Nuñez

Tomas Barrera

🪶 Duodji – Traditional Sami Craft

⌀ Making traditional crafts: clothing (gákti), leather goods, woodwork, carving, knives, shoes, utilitarian and decorative items.

⌀ These are both functional and cultural artefacts.

⌀ They lived in Arctic and forest regions, often moving with the reindeer herds.

⌀ Different Sami groups used local materials like reindeer hide inland and fish skin near the coast.

⌀ They had made:

- Clothing (like the gákti)

- Wood and bone tools (cups, spoons, knives)

- Decorative crafts with Sami colors and patterns

- Every piece combined beauty and function showing where someone came from.

⌀ Modern tools make crafting faster and easier

⌀ Internet helps artists sell and share globally

⌀ Online videos and classes preserve traditional knowledge

⚠ Negative Changes:

⌀ Mass-produced “Sami-style” souvenirs compete with real duodji

⌀ Fewer young people learn the traditional ways

⌀ Synthetic materials replace natural ones

Today

Even with modern changes, duodji remains a symbol of Sami pride and identity, keeping their culture and heritage alive for future generations.

The Maasai are an indigenous group from Kenya and Tanzania.

They are known for their red clothes, bead jewelry, and traditions.

Where did they live?

They lived in the African savanna, near the Serengeti and Maasai Mara.

They built small round villages called enkangs, made of mud and sticks.

What did they do?

They were herders and raised cows, goats, and sheep.

Cattle were very important for food and wealth.

They also traded with other tribes.

What tools did they use?

They used spears, knives, and sticks to protect their cattle and for hunting.

They made jewelry with leather, bones, and colorful beads.

How has technology affected them?

Today, some Maasai use mobile phones to sell cattle.

They use vehicles to travel and work in tourism.

But many still keep their culture and traditions. https://youtu.be/vu0g57MgDyk?si=faugSB-1KMzkvqUX

• The introduction of firearms has largely replaced the use of bows and arrows for hunting

• The introduction of metal and plastic tools has largely replaced the use of baskets made from plant fibers

The Etruscans were one of the earliest civilizations in Italy, living in the region known as Etruria, which is today Tuscany, Lazio, and Umbria. They appeared around 900 BCE and greatly influenced Roman culture, especially in art, architecture, and religion.

In the past, the Etruscans were skilled farmers, traders, and artisans. They built cities, created beautiful pottery and jewelry, and were famous for their bronze and iron works. Their society was well-organized, and women had more rights compared to other ancient cultures.

The tools they used were mostly simple hand tools made of bronze and iron, such as hammers, chisels, and pottery wheels. These tools helped them build temples, make sculptures, and produce everyday items.

Modern technology has completely changed the kind of work the Etruscans once did. Today, machines, computers, and digital tools are used to make art and objects faster and more precisely. Archaeologists also use technology like 3D scanning and DNA analysis to study and preserve Etruscan heritage.