What: The working class consists of people who do manual labor or industrial work, like factory workers and miners.

When: During the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 18th centuries.

Where: The Industrial Revolution, primarily took place in Great Britain and later spread to other parts of Europe and North America.

Why and How: Factories and industries needed a large number of manual laborers to operate machinery and produce goods.

What impact does it have on society?

It improved labor rights, working conditions, and wages, and has driven social and economic changes through unions and political movement.

What: The new consumer culture was when people started buying more goods and services because they had more money.

When: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Where: Industrialized nations like the US and parts of Europe.

Why and How: Industrialization, which led to mass production of goods, with more products available at lower prices, people began buying more.

What impact does it have on society?

It has led to economic growth, lifestyle changes, urban growth, environmental impact, and cultural shifts.

What: A financial crisis that led to a severe economic depression.

When: September 1873.

Where: US and Europe

Why and How: Over-investment in railroads, the collapse of Jay Cooke and Company, a series of bank failures, a stock market crash, and the global interconnection of the financial market.

What impact does it have on society?

This led to an economic depression, causing hardship for many people. Also led to widespread unemployment, bank and business failures and decreased wages.

What: A theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows to improve labor productivity.

When: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Where: In the US, factories and manufacturing plants.

Why and How: To improve efficiency in industrial settings by using scientific methods to analyze and optimize workflows.

What impact does it have on society?

Increased productivity, work standardization, Labor Relations, and workforce skills.

What: A labor organization that aimed to promote the social and economic welfare of workers through collection action and political advocacy.

When: Founded in 1869

Where: Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Expanded across the US reaching urban and rural areas.

Why and How: It was founded by Uriah Stephens and a group of tailors. They wanted to create an organization that would unite all workers, regardless of skill level, race and gender, to fight for better working conditions.

What impact does it have on society?

Had a big impact by fighting for workers right like the 8 hr work day, equal pay, and all types of workers, including women and minorities.

What: A national federation of labor unions in the US, focused on representing skilled workers and aimed to achieve practical economic goals such as higher wages, shorter workdays, and better working conditions.

When: Founded in 1886.

Where: Founded in Columbus, Ohio.

Why and how: Many skilled workers felt that existing labor organizations, like knights of labor, didn't adequately address their specific needs.

what impact does it have on society?

It help improved working conditions, achieved higher wages, and set the foundation for modern labor right in the US.