Ideas by Nurul Farahana

adib_shy — 2017-04-08 16:32:01 UTC

Risk factor

nurulfarahana22 — 2017-04-08 16:32:36 UTC

Age - ageing was assumed to be an intractably complex process, resulting from accumulation of multiple forms of damage and pathology in different tissues as a result of failure of cellular maintenance pathways.
Genetic - Hereditary inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body. These mutations are also called germline mutations because they are present in the parent’s egg or sperm cells, which are also called germ cells. When an egg and a sperm cell unite, the resulting fertilized egg cell receives DNA from both parents. If this DNA has a mutation, the child that grows from the fertilized egg will have the mutation in each of his or her cells.
Enviroment (India) - These changes can be caused by environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or can occur if a mistake is made as DNA copies itself during cell division

Gender test

adib_shy — 2017-04-08 16:36:05 UTC

Function - To determine a person's gender

Procedure -
Testing for testosterone level
1. Draw blood
2. Send blood to lab

Time of test
In the morning
- Hormone levels are highest in the morning.

Test result
High - Male
Low - Female
But results can vary as a male can have a low testosterone level while a woman can have high testosterone level.
-Time taken for test result depends on number of tests done by lab

Abnormal chromosomes

nurulfarahana22 — 2017-04-08 16:45:28 UTC

2 groups
Numerical Abnormalities: When an individual is missing one of the chromosomes from a pair, the condition is called monosomy. When an individual has more than two chromosomes instead of a pair, the condition is called trisomy.
Structural Abnormalities: A chromosome's structure be altered in several ways:-
Deletions: A portion of the chromosome is missing or deleted.

Duplications: A portion of the chromosome is duplicated, resulting in extra genetic material.

Translocations: A portion of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome. There are two main types of translocation. In a reciprocal translocation, segments from two different chromosomes have been exchanged. In a Robertsonian translocation, an entire chromosome has attached to another at the centromere.

Inversions: A portion of the chromosome has broken off, turned upside down, and reattached. As a result, the genetic material is inverted.

Rings: A portion of a chromosome has broken off and formed a circle or ring. This can happen with or without loss of genetic material.

Abnormal chromosomes

nurulfarahana22 — 2017-04-08 16:45:34 UTC

how this happened?
Chromosome abnormalities usually occur when there is an error in cell division. There are two kinds of cell division, mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis results in two cells that are duplicates of the original cell. One cell with 46 chromosomes divides and becomes two cells with 46 chromosomes each. This kind of cell division occurs throughout the body, except in the reproductive organs. This is the way most of the cells that make up our body are made and replaced.
Meiosis results in cells with half the number of chromosomes, 23, instead of the normal 46. This is the type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive organs, resulting in the eggs and sperm.

In both processes, the correct number of chromosomes is supposed to end up in the resulting cells. However, errors in cell division can result in cells with too few or too many copies of a chromosome. Errors can also occur when the chromosomes are being duplicated.

Other factors that can increase the risk of chromosome abnormalities are:

Maternal Age: Women are born with all the eggs they will ever have. Some researchers believe that errors can crop up in the eggs' genetic material as they age. Older women are at higher risk of giving birth to babies with chromosome abnormalities than younger women. Because men produce new sperm throughout their lives, paternal age does not increase risk of chromosome abnormalities.
Environment: Although there is no conclusive evidence that specific environmental factors cause chromosome abnormalities, it is still possible that the environment may play a role in the occurrence of genetic errors.

Medical commission

adib_shy — 2017-04-08 17:00:04 UTC

4 person

1. Gynaecologist
- Perform physical exams
2. Endocrinologist
- diagnose gene disorders and resulting hormonal conditions
3. Psychologist
- Help to deal with the situation
4. Internal medicine specialist
- Deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases

Hermaphrodite

nurulfarahana22 — 2017-04-09 12:23:46 UTC

hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes

Transa

nurulfarahana22 — 2017-04-09 12:29:52 UTC

Transgender

nurulfarahana22 — 2017-04-09 12:29:56 UTC

Transgender

nurulfarahana22 — 2017-04-09 12:34:48 UTC

Transgender people are people who have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex. Transgender people are sometimes called transsexual if they desire medical assistance to transition from one sex to another.