tuberculosis by

tuberculosis by https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq en-us 2023-03-16 20:38:20 UTC 2023-04-26 05:33:01 UTC hello@padlet.com Tuberculosis (TB) ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2519984863 Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium
Genus of TB
Family of the bacteria is Mycobacteriaceae
Lastly, it is in the order of Actinomycetales ]]> 2023-03-16 20:48:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2519984863 Origin of Tuberculosis ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2524274277 Tuberculosis can be found in humans up tp 9,000 years ago in a city that is now under the Mediterranean Sea, a little of the coast of Israel. However, the first place TB was detected was in India and China 3330-2300 years ago.

The infectious agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is a bacteria. This bacteria attacks the lungs, however TB can also attack the spine, brain, and kidneys in a human.

Tuberculosis would be categorized as a bacterial infection or emerging disease:
Emerging disease- infectious diseases that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.
Bacterial infection- "diseases that can affect your skin, lungs, brain, blood and other parts of your body. You get them from single-celled organisms multiping or releasing toxins in your body"(Cleveland Clinic).

]]> 2023-03-20 21:14:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2524274277 Disease spread ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2533822653 WHERE
Tuberculosis is unfortunately in many different countries since the first case was found about 3,330 years ago. The global impact of tuberculosis as of 2021, has occurred in South-East Asian region (46% new cases). Closely following is African Region (23% new cases) , and Western Pacific (18% new cases).

It was found that in 2020, 87% of TB cases were found in 8 countries that accounted for more than 2/3 of the global infection: India, Indonesia, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

As for the United States of America we account for a rate of 2.5 cases per 1000,000 persons. Since 1992, thankfully the cases have steadily decrease and up to 13 million people are living with latent TB infection.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis#:~:text=Global%20impact%20of%20TB&text=In%202021%2C%20the%20largest%20number,30%20high%20TB%20burden%20countries.

https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/default.htm

TIMELINE OF TB
I have attatched a website that did a good job of showing the timeline of TB
https://www.tbalert.org/about-tb/tb-in-time/tb-timeline/

TIMELINE OF SPREAD WITHIN THE HUMAN BODY
Some people develop the disease within weeks after becoming infected, and some people will get sick years later after the first initial contact only due to their immune system becoming weak from another disease or virus. However, it is possible for some people to never develop TB after being infected. There is a common misconception that the infected host will immediately infect a healthy host which is false. The infected host needs to have an active case of TB in order to spread it to others.
https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/exposed.htm#:~:text=Some%20people%20develop%20TB%20disease,infection%20never%20develop%20TB%20disease.

AFFECTED PEOPLE
In 2021, 1.6 million people have died from TB, which made TB the 13th leading cause of death after COVID-19. In 2021, 10.6 million people were ill globally with TB. The multidrug-resistant TB is still a public health crisis because only 1 in 3 people with drug resistant had access treatment.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis

]]> 2023-03-27 21:16:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2533822653 Virulence of Tuberculosis ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2545486024 How virulent is Tuberculosis in the United States of America?
Over 13 million people have the latent Tuberculosis infection. In the previous padlet, we have learned the latent version is the dormant version of the disease. The germs are "sleeping" and the host will not know they are infected unless they get tested. However, if the host is not treated there is a possibility that the disease will spread into the lungs and fully develop.

How has the virulence changed over the years?
If anything people who may be infected with TB had found out faster because the virulence has been affected by the treatment success rates.

What is virulence?
The severity or harmfulness of a disease or a poison. ]]> 2023-04-05 22:02:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2545486024 Medical Advances in TB ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2547706093 How was this disease handled?
The community said the best precaution to do is to have good ventilation. This is because TB last in the air for several hours. If there is no good ventilation, then the next best option that was used is UV light. The UV light kills off the bacteria. The most common precaution is good hygiene. Not only for the person infected but also for the people around.

Medical Advances
For latent TB, an antibiotic called rifapentine and isoniazid are given as a 12 once a week dose that performs better than the 9 month therapy of isoniazid alone.

New Technologies applied
Exciting news that as of March 2023, researchers have found new technology to easily detect TB! It is through serological TB tests that uses clones of the infected and the none infected. It is called the TKT peptide ELISA.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230313162715.htm#:~:text=A%20team%20of%20faculty%20has,tuberculosis%20(TB)%20infection%20antibodies. ]]> 2023-04-08 19:03:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2547706093 Leadership ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2547710752 What did the government due to help with TB
There is a program launched by the government called NTP which stands for Nationals Tuberculosis Programme. It was launched in India in 1962. It was for a possible vaccine and treatment.

Innovative Initiatives for TB
The government mitigate the impact of tuberculosis through a program called USAID TB. This was to accelerate detection and treatment of TB in all infected patients. Additionally it made more prevention precautions and treatment of MDR-TB. It improved the TB services and overall health system. If anything it benefited patients with latent TB as well as other possible future patients.

What could leadership have done better?
This is a hard topic to speak on because similar to COVID-19, it was a new disease at one point and there needs to be massive amounts of research to be done to understand the disease. When TB first arose, there might have been a way for the government to slow down the mortality rate and infection rate from separating the infected from the none. But this is where it becomes tricky, many people wont know they have TB until months or years later. The government can be more responsive to the public if the treatments are too expensive or if there are not enough resources in a certain area. ]]> 2023-04-08 19:21:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2547710752 Society Effect ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2547746548 Societal and Sociological impact
After doing some research, over 66% of all respondents did not experience a negative social effect from TB. 11.7% experienced loss of work, 4.4% divorced and 4.3% had a disruption in their sexual life.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4487475/#:~:text=Social%20impact%20of%20illness%20on%20tuberculosis%20patients&text=Over%2066%25%20of%20all%20respondents,disruption%20of%20their%20sexual%20life.

How did society behaviors change?
There was a rise in stigmatism. There is always going to be a fear of something that is affecting our population when something is going around and the population feels helpless. The stigma had a huge impact on the socio economy, especially women.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882973/

Did society “learn” from the physical effect
Society may have learned from the physical effect but that does not mean there is anything be done about it. There will always be a fear of getting infected and not being able to treat it correctly. There will always be something newly discovered about TB and how it is affecting our bodies whether it is early in someones diagnosis or too late. Our bodies try to adapt to how the world is now and how to take care of us and make us healthy again. However, there will never be a set solution of "if we learned" because the same mistakes are bound to happen. Hopefully in our lifetime there will be a cure for tuberculosis whether it is active or latent.]]> 2023-04-08 21:47:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2547746548 Final Reflection ashleyserfaty https://padlet.com/ashleyserfaty/hajahm619ne5qwrq/wish/2568288220 What was the most revealing aspect you learned about your disease?
The most revealing aspect would have to be how many people have TB and not know they have it until it is too late and their symptoms arise because the disease is now active in their body.

What did you learn about your disease that surprised you?

The most surprising thing I learned about TB is that there really aren't any medical advances to completely take it away. You would think there would be a cure or a for sure medication that heals people rather than having to go through years of treatment.

What did you come across in your research that should have been a part of the Padlet assignment?

I think the padlet assignment covered all the main points when researching diseases. If there is anything that could be added would have to be more research on the people who have been affected and how they have been dealing with the disease.

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