- Is the leader and figurehead of the Party, the totalitarian government that rules the fictional country of Oceania.
- Depicted as a leader who sees and hears everything, monitoring the citizens through a vast network of surveillance cameras and microphones.
- The Inner Party uses Big Brother as a tool and a symbol of power and authority.
- All citizens are expected to show their loyalty to him through the daily "two minutes of hate", and the "morning exercise".
- Is believed to be the citizen's protector and guide.
- Despite his powerful image, it is suggested in the novel that Big Brother may not actually exist as a real person, but rather a fictional construct created by the Party to serve as a symbol of their authority and to create fear and obedience in the population. The slogan of the Party "Big brother is watching you", is a constant reminder of the regime's power and control.
- Big Brother's character serves as a symbol of the regime's oppressive power and its ability to control the thoughts and beliefs of its citizens through fear and surveillance. His presence in the novel illustrates the dangers of totalitarianism and the importance of protecting individual freedom and autonomy.

Emmanuel Goldstein
- Is the leader of the underground resistance movement, the Brotherhood. 
- He is considered to be a traitor by the government, as he is a former member of the Party. 
- Introduced as the enemy of the people during the Two Minutes Hate at the start of the novel, and his image is used to focus the citizens' anger and hatred towards him.
- He is portrayed as a brilliant intellectual and a charismatic leader who has written "The Book," a manifesto that is said to contain all the secrets of the Party's inner workings, as well as its weaknesses.
- The character of Emmanuel Goldstein serves as a symbol of the regime's fear of dissent and opposition. His portrayal in the novel illustrates the dangers of a government that suppresses free thought and expression and the importance of protecting individual liberty and autonomy.

Propaganda:
The theme of propaganda in the novel is closely tied to the themes of control and manipulation. In the society depicted in the novel, the Party uses various forms of propaganda to maintain its power and control the way people think and behave. This includes the use of slogans, the "Two Minutes Hate," and the censorship of information that is not in line with the Party's ideology. The Party also promotes its own ideology and creates an image of a utopian society through propaganda. The theme of propaganda in the novel serves to illustrate the dangers of allowing a government to have complete control over the information its citizens receive and the way they think and highlights the ways in which propaganda can be used to manipulate people's perceptions and beliefs, leading to a loss of freedom and individuality.

Language as a means to control thought:
- The language we speak influences what we think. When the government in 1984 diminish the language the people speak, they limit the thoughts one has and this limited expression. Not only does it limit the people's role, but it allows the government to have more control. When the government gets too much control and limits people's expression and thoughts it makes them less as an individual and more as an object under control. 

Orwell's novel explores themes of totalitarianism, censorship, and the manipulation of language and history. It is considered a classic of political literature and has been widely translated and adapted for film, stage, and television. The novel's impact has been lasting and significant, and it continues to be widely read and studied today. 

Differences:
- Winston and Julia rebels in different ways, where Winston rebels more openly, while Julia rebels more closed off and more privately.  
- Despite these similarities, there are also some significant differences between Winston and Julia. One key difference is their approach to rebellion. While Winston is deeply unhappy with the society in which he lives and is willing to take risks in order to defy the Party, Julia seems to be more practical and focused on enjoying the pleasures of the present moment. Another key difference is their attitude towards the Party and its ideology. While Winston is deeply opposed to the Party and its rule, Julia seems to be more ambivalent, and is willing to go along with the Party's demands in order to avoid trouble. Overall, while Winston and Julia share a common desire for rebellion and freedom, they differ in their attitudes towards the Party and their approaches to resistance.

The novel also highlights the dangers of a society where the truth is constantly manipulated and the past is constantly rewritten, and where the government's control over the flow of information is absolute. In this society, critical thinking and independent thought are discouraged, and citizens are taught to conform to the Party's ideology and to accept its version of reality.

The novel also highlights the idea that any form of government that has too much power and control over its citizens can become a totalitarian regime, also it warns about the dangers of a society where citizens become apathetic and willing to give up their freedom for the illusion of security. The novel is a cautionary tale about the dangers of allowing any one group to have too much power and the importance of preserving individual freedom and autonomy in society.