Date of birth: January 4 of 1643, to March 31 of 1727

Background: forever changed the way humanity understands the universe, establishing the laws that govern motion and gravity, and laying the mathematical foundations for describing them. His influence extends to almost every field of modern science and engineering.

Relevant Data: Set the bases of 

• The Three Laws of Motion

• Law of Inertia:

• Fundamental Law of Dynamics (F=ma):

• Law of Action and Reaction:

• Law of Universal Gravitation:

Date of birth: October 19, 1899, to Jun 9, 1974 

Background: 

• He studied law at the University of San Carlos in Guatemala.

• He is a key figure in magical realism and Latin American literature of the Boom. His work is deeply influenced by the indigenous cultures and mythologies of Guatemala, particularly those of the Maya.

Relevant data: 

• He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1967.

• Writer, poet, journalist, diplomat.

•  He is a key author for understanding 20th-century Latin American literature.

Date of birth: March 14, 1879, April 18, 1955

Background:

• He was deeply curious and taught himself advanced mathematics and philosophy from a young age, but he resented formal education.

Relevant data: 

• Awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics (awarded in 1922) for his explanation of the photoelectric effect, not for his theory of relativity.

• fundamentally changed our understanding of space, time, mass, and energy.

Date of birth

• Date of Birth: August 29, 1632 - October 28, 1704 

Background

• Received a prestigious education at Westminster School in London and then Christ Church, Oxford. Though he studied classical languages and philosophy, he found the traditional Aristotelian curriculum stale and became increasingly interested in medicine and the emerging experimental philosophy of scientists like Robert Boyle and René Descartes.

Relevant data

• His Two Treatises of Government (1689) was a powerful defense of the Glorious Revolution and laid the groundwork for modern liberal democracy.

• In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689), he launched the modern empirical tradition.

  • Tabula Rasa: Locke famously argued that the human mind at birth is a "blank slate" (tabula rasa). There are no innate ideas.

  • Experience as the Source of Knowledge: All knowledge is derived from experience. This comes from two sources:

    • Sensation: Our sensory perception of the external world.

    • Reflection: The mind's perception of its own internal operations.

Born: April 22, 1724 

Died: February 12, 1804 

Background: A German philosopher of the Enlightenment. He spent his entire life in Königsberg, working as a professor. He is known for his highly disciplined and routine lifestyle.

Contributions:

Born: July 11, 1872 (El Jícaro, Guatemala)

Died September 26, 1926 (Antigua Guatemala)

Background:  A military officer and politician who served as President of Guatemala from 1921 until he died in 1926.

Contributions:

•  He is most famous for establishing the Guatemalan quetzal (GTQ) as the national currency in 1925, which replaced the Guatemalan peso.

•  His government passed important laws on banking and credit, shaping the country's modern financial system.

•  His presidency continued a period of influence for the United Fruit Company in Guatemala.

Born: September 26, 1849 (Ryazan, Russian Empire)

Died: February 27, 1936 (Leningrad, Soviet Union)

Background: A Russian physiologist and physician. He initially studied digestion in dogs, which led to his most famous discovery.

Contributions:

Born: January 25, 1882 (London, England)

Died: March 28, 1941 (near Lewes, England)

Background: A pioneering English modernist writer and a central figure in the Bloomsbury Group, an influential collective of intellectuals and artists.

Contributions:

Born: September 9, 1828 (Yasnaya Polyana, Russian Empire)

Died: November 20, 1910 (Astapovo, Russian Empire)

Background: A Russian count, considered one of the greatest authors of all time. He was also a moral and social philosopher in his later years.

 Contributions:

Born: October 25, 1881 (Málaga, Spain)

Died: April 8, 1973 (Mougins, France)

Background: A Spanish painter, sculptor, and printmaker who spent most of his adult life in France. He is one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.

Contributions:

Born: November 10, 1878 (Guatemala City, Guatemala)

Died: June 14, 1946 (New Orleans, Louisiana, USA)

Background: An army general and politician who served as the President of Guatemala from 1931 to 1944.

 Information: