Birthdate: 6 February 06

Course: Human Sciences

When seeking knowledge, it's important to show respect to our teachers to receive blessings. We should be humble and arrive at least 10 minutes early to show our dedication. Being grateful is essential, as it brings blessings to our learning. We should also be sincere and aim to please Allah in our pursuit of knowledge. Surah Al-Mujadila, Verse 11, highlights the importance of seeking knowledge and having good manners.

The Al-Quran is a holy book containing words directly from God. Its message is pure, complete, and can't be changed. It provides guidance for all Muslims on how to live their lives, including rules and principles (syariah). The Al-Quran covers a wide range of topics and is meant for everyone. One important topic it addresses is zina (adultery), emphasizing the importance of maintaining purity and family values.

The Hadith Jibril is a key hadith in Islam, narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab. It features the angel Jibril (Gabriel) visiting the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to teach the companions about Islam's core elements: Islam (submission), Iman (faith), and Ihsan (excellence).

1) Iman: Belief in Allah, His angels, books, messengers, the Day of Judgment, and divine decree.

2) Ihsan: Worship Allah as if you see Him, knowing He sees you.

3) Islam:

- Shahada: The declaration of faith that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His messenger.

- Salat (Prayer): Performing the five daily prayers, even if not perfectly, it's the effort that counts

- Zakat: Giving charity to purify wealth and help those in need.

- Sawm (Fasting): Fasting during Ramadan, which also affects our relationship with others

- Hajj: Performing the pilgrimage if able, but it's acceptable if one is not capable

4) The Day of Judgment: Signs were mentioned by the Prophet, but only Allah knows the exact time.

"Indeed, Allah is with those who fear Him and those who are doers of good"

(Surah An-Nahl, 16:128).

The Pillars of Iman are essential beliefs in Islam, including belief in Allah, angels (Malā’ikah), and holy books (Kutub).

Belief in Allah:

- Faith in Allah, the Creator of the universe.

- Understanding Tawhid, the oneness of Allah, which includes:

1) Tawhid al-Rububiyyah: Oneness of Lordship (Allah created the universe).

2) Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah: Oneness of Worship (Allah alone deserves worship).

3) Tawhid al-Asma' wa Sifat: Oneness of Names and Attributes (Allah's perfect names and attributes).

Belief in Angels (Malā’ikah):

- Faith in angels, who serve Allah and continuously worship Him, demonstrating His power.

Belief in Books (Kutub):

- Faith in the holy books sent by Allah to His messengers.

- These books guide people to happiness in this life and the Hereafter.

Surah Maryam [19:65] emphasizes the oneness of Allah.

"He is Lord of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them, so worship Him and have patience for His worship. Do you know of anyone similar to Him?"

Belief in the Prophets and Messengers

• Prophets and Messengers are human beings chosen by Allah to deliver His message and guide humanity. They were ordinary people protected from sin, conveying Allah's message suitable for their times.

• Notably, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was sent as a mercy to all mankind.

Belief in the Day of Judgment

• Belief in the Day of Judgment emphasizes resurrection and accountability for actions. On this day, everyone will be judged and their fate—Paradise or Hell—will be determined.

• Key aspects include the resurrection, gathering of humanity, accountability of deeds, the bridge over Hellfire, and signs leading to the Day of Judgment.

Belief in Qada' and Qadar (Divine Decree)

• Everything in the universe occurs by Allah's will, with His infinite wisdom and knowledge. Humans have free will, but Allah's decree determines the final outcome.

• This belief promotes patience, gratitude, and reliance on Allah.

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Definition of Adab:

- Derived from Arabic, meaning good manners, respect, and proper conduct.

- Reflects a Muslim’s character and faith in daily interactions.

Importance of Adab:

- Strengthens family and community relationships.

- Essential for personal growth and Islamic teachings.

- Supported by Hadith: “The best among you are those who have the best manners and character.” (Sahih al-Bukhari 3559)

1. Adab Towards Parents

- Speak politely and respectfully; avoid harsh words and raising your voice.

- Obey their instructions as long as they align with religious and moral values.

- Show gratitude for their sacrifices and efforts.

- Assist them daily, especially as they grow older.

- Make dua (prayers) for their well-being and success in this world and the hereafter.

- Referenced in Al-Adab Al Mufrad.

“ The pleasure of the Lord lies in the pleasure of the parent. The anger of the Lord lies in the anger of the parent.” - Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 2

2. Adab Towards Neighbors and Society

- Greet and interact kindly with them.

- Offer help and support in times of need.

- Avoid causing disturbance or inconvenience (e.g., loud noises, blocking paths).

- Respect differences in beliefs and backgrounds.

- Share food or gifts to strengthen community bonds.

- Resolve conflicts peacefully and avoid gossiping about others.

“He who believes in Allah and the Last Day should do good to his neighbor.” - Sahih Muslim (77)

3. Adab as a Student

- Seek knowledge with sincerity and dedication.

- Respect teachers and classmates by listening attentively.

- Maintain discipline and punctuality in class.

- Complete assignments and assessments sincerely.

- Avoid cheating, plagiarism, or dishonesty in academic work.

- Take care of school property and maintain cleanliness in the learning environment.

“Whoever takes a path upon which to obtain knowledge, Allah makes the path to Paradise easy for him.” - Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2646

• Conclusion

Adab is essential in Islam as it strengthens relationships, promotes harmony, and reflects a person’s faith. Respecting parents earns Allah’s blessings, being kind to neighbors and society fosters unity, and practicing good manners as a student leads to success. By following the teachings of the Quran and Hadith, we can develop strong character and contribute positively to our families and communities. Let us strive to embody good adab daily and inspire others to do the same. May Allah guide us on this path. Ameen.

إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّةِ

>>Niyyah means the intention or purpose behind an action, which is to seek Allah’s reward and get closer to Him <<

• Having the right intention is important to distinguish acts done for Allah alone from those done for others.

• Any deed done without the correct intention may not be accepted by Allah.

How to ensure your niyyah is correct:

1. Be sincere and do it only for Allah.

2. Keep your intention pure without hidden motives.

3. Be clear about what you want to do and why.

4. Stay focused on the act of worship and avoid distractions.

5. Maintain the same intention throughout the act.

2) AMAL ( good deeds)

>>Amal means doing good deeds and acts of worship<<

• It is a key part of Islam and shows your devotion to Allah.

• Amal benefits not only yourself but also the community
  

  Examples of amal include:

  • Praying (Salah)

  • Giving charity (Zakat)

  • Fasting (Sawm)

  • Pilgrimage (Hajj)

  • Showing kindness to others

3) IHSAN

Based on Hadith Jibril:

• Islam: To perform the pillars of Islam like prayer, fasting, charity, and pilgrimage.

• Iman (Faith): To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Day of Judgment, and divine decree.

• Ihsan (Excellence): To worship Allah as if you see Him; if you cannot see Him, know that He always sees you.

Meaning of Ihsan in Islam

• Ihsan means doing good with full sincerity and awareness.

• Examples of ihsan include kindness, honesty, humility, and patience.

• Ihsan is not just actions but becoming part of your character and lifestyle.

  
  

How to Practice Ihsan

1. Awareness: Understand the importance of ihsan in Islam.

2. Understanding: Learn how ihsan looks in daily life.

3. Action: Try to practice ihsan in everything you do.

4. Reflection: Regularly evaluate and improve yourself.

5. Internalization: Make ihsan a natural part of who you are

• The foundation of a Muslim’s daily life and a direct connection with Allah.

Khusyu' (Focused Humility)

• A state of deep humility, calmness, and concentration during prayer.

• It involves feeling awe and submission to Allah, shown by being still, humble, and focused.

Allah says in the Quran:
“Successful indeed are the believers: those who humble themselves in their prayers.”

(Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:1-2)

• Prayer without khusyu' is valid but less rewarding.

• Maintaining khusyu' throughout the prayer is Sunnah and leads to a perfect and complete prayer.

• 
  

How to Attain Khusyu' in Prayer

1. Remember death to increase seriousness and focus.

2. Avoid rushing; pray calmly without haste.

3. Understand the meaning of the verses you recite.

Benefits of Salah with Khusyu'

• It purifies past minor sins.

• It strengthens submission (ṭāʿah), struggle in Allah’s path (jihād), reflection (muḥāsabah), humility (tawāḍuʿ), and self-restraint (iffah)

A hadith from Uthman bin Affan RA:

I heard the Prophet PBUH said:

_{َ“When the time for a prescribed prayer comes, if any Muslim performs ablution well and offers his prayer with humility and bowing, it will be an expiation for his past sins, so long as he has not committed a major sin; and this applies for all times.” Sahih Muslim (228)}

1. Al-Ṭāʿah (Submission/Loyalty)

• Meaning: Total obedience to Allah’s commands.

• In Salah: Bowing and prostration show submission and build loyalty to Allah.

• Reflection: Salah reminds us of our purpose and servitude to Allah.

2. Al-Jihād (Struggle in the Path of Allah)

• Meaning: Striving spiritually and morally for Allah’s cause.

• In Salah: Overcoming distractions and battling the self to maintain focus and achieve Khusyu’ (deep concentration).

• Reflection: Daily prayers strengthen patience and resolve to face life’s challenges.

3. Muḥāsabah (Self-Reflection)

• Meaning: Self-accountability and contemplation.

• In Salah: Time to reflect, seek forgiveness, and evaluate actions and intentions before Allah.

• Reflection: Encourages a pure heart and clear conscience.

4. Tawaḍḍuʿ (Humility/Humbleness)

• Meaning: Recognizing oneself as a servant of Allah.

• In Salah: Physical acts like bowing and prostration show humility.

• Reflection: Removes arrogance, builds gratitude, and fosters humility in daily life.

5. Iffah (Modesty/Self-Restraint)

• Meaning: Avoiding sinful behavior and desires.

• In Salah: Awareness of Allah’s presence nurtures modesty in thoughts and actions.

• Reflection: Acts as a shield against sin and worldly distractions.

Fasting is not just about skipping meals. It teaches us how to be a better person, and brings us closer to Allah.

1. Sabr (Patience and Forbearance)
When we fast, we learn to wait — we don’t eat or drink even when we feel hungry or thirsty. This helps us become more patient in other parts of life too, like when we’re stressed or upset.

2. Takrim (Respect and Deference)
Fasting reminds us to respect others. We watch our words, our actions, and our feelings. Even when we’re tired, we try to be calm and polite to people around us.

3. Rahmah (Friendliness)
By feeling hunger ourselves, we start to care more about people who don’t have enough food. This helps us be more kind and generous, like sharing our meals and helping those in need.

🕌 1. Salah (Prayer)

📖 Surah Al-‘Ankabūt (29:45):

"Indeed, prayer prevents immorality and wrongdoing. And the remembrance of Allah is greater..."

Reflection:
Prayer reminds us of Allah and helps us avoid bad actions by constantly checking ourselves.

Real-life Example:
A student feels like cheating during an exam but remembers they just prayed Dhuhr and asked Allah for honesty. That feeling stops them from doing it.

🌙 2. Ṣawm (Fasting)

📖 Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183):

"Fasting is prescribed for you... that you may become mindful of Allah (taqwa)."

Reflection:
Fasting trains us to control our desires, be patient, and feel empathy for those who are hungry.

Real-life Example:
During Ramadan, a boy gets angry when his sibling annoys him. But he holds back, reminding himself he's fasting – learning patience in daily life.

💰 3. Zakāh (Charity)

📖 Surah Al-Tawbah (9:103):

"Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase..."

Reflection:
Zakāh purifies wealth and helps reduce greed. It builds a caring and balanced society.

Real-life Example:
A business owner gives zakāh yearly and also helps struggling families buy school supplies – turning his success into kindness that benefits others.

🕋 4. Ḥajj (Pilgrimage)

📖 Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197):

"And whatever good you do – Allah knows it... the best provision is taqwa."

Reflection:
Ḥajj teaches discipline, humility, and unity. It's a spiritual journey that reminds us life is short and we all return to Allah.

Real-life Example:
After performing ḥajj, a woman starts dressing more modestly and avoids gossip, because she wants to maintain the purity and closeness she felt with Allah.

What is Khusyu’?

Khusyu’ means praying with full attention, humility, and calmness in front of Allah. It involves both the heart and body.

Qur’an (Al-Mu’minun 1–2):"Certainly will the believers have succeeded. They who are humble in their prayer."

How to Get Khusyu’

To gain khusyu’, start by purifying your intention and making sure you pray only for Allah. Perform wudhu’ properly and wear clean clothes. Pray on time in a quiet and clean space. Try to understand the meaning of what you are reciting and avoid rushing. Imagine that you are standing in front of Allah. Do not pray when you're too hungry or need the toilet. Always ask Allah in your du‘a to help you stay focused. 

Techniques to Maintain Khusyu’

Focus on every movement and word during your solat. Understand the meaning of what you say. Pray calmly without rushing. Keep distractions, like your phone, away. Remind yourself that each movement brings you closer to Allah. Prepare your heart and mind before you begin praying. 

Effects of Khusyu’

Having khusyu’ brings peace and calm into your daily life. It builds a stronger relationship with Allah and improves your discipline and focus even outside of prayer. It also helps reduce stress and worry. In the afterlife, it brings great rewards and closeness to Allah. 

What Hinders Khusyu’?

Khusyu’ can be disturbed by was-was (unnecessary doubts), too many worldly thoughts, being too attached to things we love or fear, and lack of preparation — like being hungry, needing the toilet, or praying in a noisy place.

_{Solat is very important in Islam — it is the first thing we will be asked about on the Day of Judgement. In this session, we learned how to prepare for solat properly and how to adapt it when we are in different situations.}

Ṭahārah (Cleanliness before Prayer)
Before performing solat, we must ensure our body, clothes, and the place where we pray are clean. Usually, we clean ourselves through wudhu’ (ablution). But if water is not available or cannot be used, tayammum (dry purification using clean dust or soil) is allowed. For example, if someone is in a place without water, they can still perform solat by using tayammum.

Conditions for a Valid Solat (Sah)
For solat to be accepted, a person must be Muslim, in a state of cleanliness, face the qiblah, and perform the prayer within its correct time. It is also important that the body, clothing, and the place of prayer are free from impurity.

Pillars of Solat (Rukun Solat)
There are certain parts of solat that cannot be missed. These include having the right intention (niyyah), starting with the takbiratul ihram, standing if one is able, reciting Surah Al-Fatihah, performing ruku’ (bowing), sujud (prostration), sitting calmly between the two sujud, saying the final tashahhud, and ending the prayer with salam. If any of these are left out, the solat is not valid.

Solat in Different Situations

Islam gives us flexibility when it comes to solat. For example, if a person is travelling, they may shorten four rakaat prayers to two — this is called qaṣr. They can also combine two prayers, such as Zuhr with Asr, when they are travelling or facing hardship — this is known as jamāʿ. Additional prayers like tahajjud, called nawāfil, are also encouraged and bring us closer to Allah. For those who are sick or unable to move, solat can be performed while sitting, lying down, or even by using only eye movements. For example, a bedridden person can still pray by moving their head or blinking their eyes to indicate the actions of solat.

The Prophet ﷺ said:

“The fasting person has two joys: the joy when he breaks his fast, and the joy when he meets his Lord.”

(Hadith Qudsi, agreed upon)

Scholars explained this hadith clearly:

The first joy is the happiness we feel at iftar (breaking the fast). This is because it is part of human nature to enjoy food and drink, especially after holding back for the sake of Allah. This feeling is even stronger when the fasting was difficult or tiring, like after a hot day or a long fast.

The second joy is the happiness we will feel when we meet Allah in the Hereafter. At that time, we will see the rewards that Allah gives for our fasting, rewards that we cannot fully imagine in this world. It is a special kind of joy, because Allah Himself promised it.

This hadith shows that fasting brings both happiness in this world and great rewards in the next life.

What is Zakāh?
Zakāh means growth, cleanliness, and improvement. It is a set amount of wealth that Muslims must give to people who are in need. Unlike taxes, zakāh is given with the purpose of purifying our hearts and helping others.

Difference Between Zakāh and Sadaqah
Zakāh is a must for those who qualify. It has rules on how much to give, when to give it, and who can receive it.
Sadaqah is voluntary — we can give it anytime, in any amount, and to anyone. It includes all types of giving such as donations and charity work.

Giving zakāh trains us to rely on Allah, not on our money. When we give for His sake, He promises to replace what we gave with something better. It reminds us that Allah is the true Provider.

2. Ukhuwwah – Strengthening Brotherhood

Zakāh builds love and care between people. It helps remove jealousy and hate. When we support others, we build unity and strengthen the Muslim community. The Prophet ﷺ said:"A Muslim is a brother to another Muslim. He should not harm him or hand him over to harm. Whoever helps his brother, Allah will help him. Whoever removes someone’s hardship, Allah will remove his hardship on the Day of Judgement." (Hadith from al-Bukhari)

Zakāh is both an act of worship to Allah and a way to serve others. It connects us to Allah (vertical relationship) and also to people around us (horizontal relationship). It brings spiritual purity and creates a fair and caring society.

Qur’anic Reminder
Allah says in Surah Al-Tawbah (9:103):
"Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase."

This shows that zakāh doesn’t make us lose instead, it cleans our hearts and increases our blessings.

Hajj is a required journey to Makkah done once in a lifetime during a specific time, for those who are able.

Umrah is a shorter pilgrimage to Makkah that can be done anytime and is not compulsory.

1. Sacrifice (Al-Tadhiyyah)
== People leave behind money, comfort, and routine just to go. During the journey, there are long waits, heat, and tiredness. These are not meant to make life hard, but to teach us that we can't always get what we want.Real sacrifice means giving up something for a better reason to please Allah, even when it’s difficult.

2. Awareness of Allah (Taqwa)
== In Hajj and ʿUmrah, we become more careful in what we say, how we act, and what we think. This is because we remember that Allah sees everything.The real lesson is to bring this same mindset back into daily life like being aware of what we do, even when no one else is watching.