(10C) Water Quality Analysis by Rhedita Wanda Olivia HS Teacher

pH

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:11 UTC

pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.

There are two methods for measuring pH: colorimetric methods using indicator solutions or papers, and the more accurate electrochemical methods using electrodes and a millivoltmeter (pH meter).

Usgs.gov. 2022. pH and Water | U.S. Geological Survey. [online] Available at: [Accessed 24 August 2022].

pH

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:14 UTC

pH is a scale of acidity that determines how acid a substance is. pH can be measured by either indicator solutions/papers and electrodes with a pH meter.
Bibliography:

pH

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:16 UTC

pH is how acidic or basic a liquid is. pH can be measured with numbers which ranges from 0-14, 0 being acidic, 14 being base and 7 being neutral. pH can be measured with pH strip which the color on the strip will change and measured from the result of the color change.

Bibliography:
Water Science Schoo’l. pH Scale | U.S. Geological Survey’. Usgs.gov (Published: 19 June 2019, Accessed: 24 August 2022) https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/ph-scale-0

pH

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:19 UTC

pH is a measure of acidic/alkaline water. The range is from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral. A pH of less than 7 is acidic, while a pH of greater than 7 is alkaline. pH is actually a measure of the relative amounts of free hydrogen and hydroxide ions in water. June 19, 2019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:37 UTC

The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is known as dissolved oxygen (DO). Water bodies absorb oxygen from the atmosphere as well as aquatic plants. Running water, such as that of a fast-flowing stream, dissolves more oxygen than still water, such as that of a pond or lake.

BOD measurement requires taking two samples at each site. One is tested immediately for dissolved oxygen, and the second is incubated in the dark at 20 C for 5 days and then tested for the amount of dissolved oxygen remaining.

Archive.epa.gov. 2022. 5.2 Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand | Monitoring & Assessment | US EPA. [online] Available at: [Accessed 24 August 2022].

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:39 UTC

Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen that is present in water. Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important indicator of water quality. It is essential for the survival of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Just as low dissolved oxygen can cause problems, so does high concentration of oxygen. Supersaturated water can cause gas bubble disease in fish and invertebrates.

Bibliography :

https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-dissolved-oxygen#:~:text=What%20is%20dissolved%20oxygen%3F,of%20a%20pond%20or%20lake.
http://www.sarasota.wateratlas.usf.edu/library/learn-more/learnmore.aspx?toolsection=lm_dissolvedox
https://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/dissolved-oxygen/

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:42 UTC

The amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the water, or the amount of oxygen that is accessible to living aquatic organisms, is measured by the term "dissolved oxygen" (DO). Researchers can discover a lot about the water quality of a stream or lake by measuring the amount of dissolved oxygen present. Usually measured in mg/L .

Sources -->

Apure (2022). What is dissolved oxygen? - Apure. [online] Available at: https://apureinstrument.com/blogs/what-is-dissolved-oxygen/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2022].
Water Science School (2018). Dissolved Oxygen and Water | U.S. Geological Survey. [online] www.usgs.gov. Available at: https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/dissolved-oxygen-and-water.

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Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:24:44 UTC

Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen that is present in water. Water bodies receive oxygen from the atmosphere and from aquatic plants. Running water, such as that of a swift moving stream, dissolves more oxygen than the still water of a pond or lake.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:03 UTC

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) conditions at a specified temperature.

BOD measurement requires taking two samples at each site. One is tested immediately for dissolved oxygen, and the second is incubated in the dark at 20 C for 5 days and then tested for the amount of dissolved oxygen remaining.

Archive.epa.gov. 2022. 5.2 Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand | Monitoring & Assessment | US EPA. [online] Available at: [Accessed 24 August 2022].

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:05 UTC

represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) conditions at a specified temperature.
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Water - USGS.gov

https://www.usgs.gov › water-science-school › science › b...

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:08 UTC

BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria. A BOD level of 1-2 ppm is considered very good. a BOD level of 3-5 ppm is considered moderately clean. a BOD level of 6-9 ppm, the water is considered somewhat polluted. BOD is computed based on the difference between initial and final D.O. The test uses dilution water and a known amount of sample in a 250-300 ml incubation bottle.

sources:
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/biological-oxygen-demand-bod-and-water
https://ciese.org/curriculum/waterproj/bod/

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:10 UTC

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen that is needed by the organisms in the water. The higher the BOD is, the lower the oxygen levels are and the more dangerous it is for the organisms as with very little oxygen, they become stressed and are at risks of dying.

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:25 UTC

Total dissolved solids (TDS) are the amount of organic and inorganic materials, such as metals, minerals, salts, and ions, dissolved in a particular volume of water; TDS are essentially a measure of anything dissolved in water that is not an H2O molecule

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:28 UTC

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular (Colloidal Sol) suspended form. TDS concentrations are often reported in parts per million (ppm). Water TDS concentrations can be determined using a digital meter.

Source :
https://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=Awrx_XmM1AVjYOYGlkTLQwx.;_ylu=Y29sbwNzZzMEcG9zAzEEdnRpZAMEc2VjA3Ny/RV=2/RE=1661355277/RO=10/RU=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fTotal_dissolved_solids/RK=2/RS=hp4QMb.wTY5AYDnmrzElj7CmgvY-

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:30 UTC

TDS is one of the ways to measure water quality by representing and denoting the total amount of dissolved compounds in water. TDS is composed of inorganic salts and a trace of biological stuff. We can measure TDS in waters by using TDS meters and gravimetric analysis. Good waters will have around 100-800 ppm if we measure it using TDS Meters

Source:
https://shopee.co.id/Tds-meter-i.156581609.7534495490
https://www.bisleri.com/blog-detail/understanding-tds-and-its-role-in-drinking-water

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:32 UTC

TDS is a measurement of the dissolved total content of all inorganic and organic compounds present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form.

Turbidity

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:49 UTC

Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality.

The best way to measure turbidity in a wide variety of samples is with a nephelometer, also known as a turbidity meter. Turbidity meters utilize a light and photo detector to measure light scatter, and read out in units of turbidity, such as nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) or formazin turbidity units (FTU).

Drinking water should have less than 5 NTU, preferably less than 1 NTU and ideally below 0.1 NTU. Instead, many countries and organizations have established recommended turbidity levels from a baseline of prior measurements.

Turbidity

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:51 UTC

Turbidity is a metric used to assess a liquid's relative clarity. It is a measurement of the amount of light scattered by the components of water when light is shone through a water sample. It is an optical property of water. The turbidity increases with the intensity of scattered light.

Particles suspended or dissolved in water that scatter light and make the water look foggy or murky are the source of turbidity. Sediment, particularly clay and silt, fine organic and inorganic materials, soluble colored organic compounds, algae, and other microscopic organisms are examples of particulate matter.

Drinking water turbidity levels should be less than 1 NTU, ideally with an average reading of 0.2 NTU or less.

Turbidity

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:53 UTC

Turbidity is particles suspended or dissolved in water that scatters light and makes the water look foggy or murky are the source of turbidity. Sediment, particularly clay and silt, fine organic and inorganic materials, soluble colored organic compounds, algae, and other microscopic organisms are examples of particulate matter.

As we can see from the image above, the highest turbidity is losing its transparency.

Citation: Pca.state.mn.us. 2008. Turbidity: Description, Impact on Water Quality, Sources, Measures. [online] Available at: [Accessed 24 August 2022].

Turbidity

rheditaolivia — 2022-08-22 06:25:55 UTC

the state or quality of being clouded or opaque, usually because of suspended matter or stirred-up sediment