Introduction:

The conquest of Tenochtitlan was an event that marked the end of the Mexica empire and the beginning of Spanish domination. The conquest was led by Hernán Cortés; This process took about 75 days from 1519 to August 13, 1521.

A fundamental part of the fall of the Empire was the alliance between local indigenous groups which were the Totonacs and the Tlaxcalans themselves who opposed the empire, and decided to unite with the Spaniards to end it.

It all began when Hernán Cortés arrived in Veracruz in 1519, where he met Malinche, a fundamental woman as the translator. Some time later they arrive in Tenochtitlan where they are received with gifts thinking that they were messengers of Quetzalcoatl, he has an encounter with Montezuma.

In 1920 the massacre of the Templo Mayor took place, some time later Moctezuma died and the next day the battle that the Mexica won took place; giving rise to the sad night, where Hernán Cortés cries under a tree for the lost battle. Some time later, believing that the Mexica had won, on August 13 in 1521, the Spaniards took advantage of the fact that the Empire was weak to attack and put an end to it.

This historical moment has great debate because throughout history the Malinche, the Tlaxcalans and Totonacs have been branded as traitors, being far from reality, since when you know what happened you will understand why they were not, understanding the reason for their actions. It also creates controversy because many people believe that the conquest only brought disease, slaughter, violence, or loss of culture; This was one of the greatest syncretisms that Mexico has had, gaining culture, enriching the gastronomy and somewhat the development of the country.

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The Second Mexican Empire was a brief period in Mexican history that followed the ousting of the Mexican Republic. It was characterized by the rule of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, appointed by France's Napoleon III in the 1860s. This era saw a unique blend of European influence and Mexican resistance, ultimately ending with the execution of Maximilian in 1867 and the restoration of the Mexican Republic.

The Mexican Revolution had a series of stages or key moments. The tragic Ten Tragic Days of 1913, in which Victoriano Huerta betrayed and captured Madero, who was subsequently assassinated, fractured the loyalty of important revolutionary factions. In 1914, the Convention of Aguascalientes was inaugurated, calling on various revolutionary groups to come to an understanding about Mexico's future, but it ended in rupture and conflict among the revolutionary leaders. Subsequently, a revolutionary alliance was formed, leading to the establishment of a provisional government, which enacted the Constitution of 1917, mandating severe reforms such as the nationalization of oil and granting agrarian reform. However, it could not appease the dissatisfaction from the peasant side, which continued to demand significant requirements regarding agrarian reform.

The revolution continued until 1920, when the revolutionary general Álvaro Obregón won the struggle against Carranza and a new stable political regime was established. The Mexican Revolution brought about political, economic, and social transformations in Mexico. Among these changes were agrarian reform, secularization, and the emergence of a well-defined and open political regime.