I colleted the data from various sources such as internet , differents types of books related to space exploration and extraterretrial life.I searched for the books related to only space exploration and others only related to extraterrestrial life.Some books contained both space exploration and extraterrestrial life .I read the points related to my topic from those books and finally combined them to form my article.I searched for the videos of space exploration on youtube to make my article better.Then I got some knowledge about my topic from Wikipedia.And thus I finally made my article.This is how I collected the data.

1.First images of Earth from

space was taken using a? 

Ans- V-2 rocket   

2.First spacecraft to impact on the moon was ? 

Ans-Luna 2 

3.First ever artificial satellite to orbit the Earth was?

Ans-Sputnik

4.What was the first successful spacecraft to Mars?

Ans-Mariner 4

5.Is humanity alone in the universe?

Ans-No

6.Is there extraterrestrial life?

Ans-Yes

7.How do we search for alien life in the universe?

Ans-A majority of the search for extraterrestrial life has been done through the use of radio telescopes.

1)Cell Phone Camera:  

You know how you basically can’t buy a cell phone anymore without a camera? In the 1960s, engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) first developed the concept of the digital camera. In the 1990s, a team at the JPL worked to create cameras that are small enough to fit on spacecraft while maintaining scientific quality. One third of cell phone cameras contain the technology developed from this research.

2)Clean Energy Technology: Not every piece of technology is directly applicable to non-space faring activities. But, more often than not, technology developed for space flight is refined to create something useful for us land lubbers. For example, the company that developed the Space Shuttle Main Engine is using the expertise gained to create clean energy technology that would decrease carbon emissions by 10 percent, the equivalent of taking 50,000 cars off the road. 3)Scratch-Resistant Lenses: In an attempt to find diamond-hard coatings for aerospace systems, the Lewis Research Center contributed to making sunglass lenses more resistant to scratches and spotting. A technique for creating diamond-hard coatings was developed and patented, and in the late 1980s Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. got a license to use the patent. The technique was further developed and later used to make lenses that are scratch-resistant and shed water more easily. 4)Water Filtration and Purification: Lest you think NASA tech is just used for superficial creature comforts, think again. NASA has contributed quite a lot to the development of water purification technology over the years. Just by necessity, NASA developed ways to filter water for manned space missions. But that’s not all. Water purification technology also helped treat contaminated water after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill off the Gulf of Mexico. Furthermore, technology developed to purify water on Apollo spacecraft is now used to purify dolphin tanks and is an alternative to chemical disinfectants. 5)CAT Scans: A space program needs a pretty good digital image analysis to locate and measure objects. Digital imaging is the computer processed numerical representation of physical images. The JPL played a lead role in developing this technology. This has proven incredibly useful in a variety of medical technologies, like CAT scanners, radiography and microscopy.

The speeds required for interstellar travel in a human lifetime far exceed what current methods of spacecraft propulsion can provide. Even with a hypothetically perfectly efficient propulsion system, the kinetic energy corresponding to those speeds is enormous by today's standards of energy production. Moreover, collisions by the spacecraft with cosmic dust and gas can produce very dangerous effects both to passengers and the spacecraft itself.

A number of strategies have been proposed to deal with these problems, ranging from giant arks that would carry entire societies and ecosystems, to microscopic space probes. Many different spacecraft propulsion systems have been proposed to give spacecraft the required speeds, including nuclear propulsion, beam-powered propulsion, and methods based on speculative physics.

For both manned and unmanned interstellar travel, considerable technological and economic challenges need to be met. Even the most optimistic views about interstellar travel see it as only being feasible decades from now—the more common view is that it is a century or more away. However, in spite of the challenges, if interstellar travel should ever be realized, then a wide range of scientific benefits can be expected.

McArthur, D. & Boran, I. (2004)-Agent-Centered Restrictions and the Ethics of Space Exploration. Journal of Social Philosophy vol. 35 No.1, 148-163.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2007). Deontological Ethics.-http:.//plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethicsdeontological Article first published 1st Nov (2007).

McKay, D. S., Gibson Jr., E. K., Thomas-Keprta, K.L., Vali, H., Romanek, C. S., Clemett, S. J., Chillier, X.D. F., Maechling, C. R., Zare, R. N. 1996 - Search for Past Life on Mars: Possible Relic Biogenic Activity in Martian Meteorite ALH84001. Science 273 (5277): 924-930.

Gibson, C. H. & Wickramasinghe, N. C. (2010)- The Imperatives of Cosmic Biology. Journal of Cosmology, 5, 1101-1120.

Aristotle (1980)- The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Hippocrates C. Apostle. D. Reidel Publishing CompaMcCollom, Thomas M (1999). Methanogenesis as a Potential Source of Chemical Energy for Primary Biomass Production by Autotrophic Organisms in Hydrothermal Systems on Europa. Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 104, Issue E12, p. 30729-30742ny, London.

Wikipedia-www.wikipedia.com

Youtube-www.youtube.com

If we don't want to wait, what about taking the "Interstellar" route and using a wormhole to pass near-instantaneously from here to there? Kip Thorne, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology who's an expert on the subject — and whose screenplay inspired "Interstellar" — has written a book to accompany the film: "The Science of Interstellar" (W.W. Norton and Company, 2014). In the book, Thorne demonstrates that humans cannot rule out wormhole travel, but there is no guarantee that this method actually works, or that it could allow safe conduct through the voids of space.

Physicists have recently suggested that the Milky Way could contain — or even be! — a giant wormhole. On the other hand, an argument against wormhole travel, or at least against its easy operation, lies in the fact that no creatures of a more advanced civilization appear to be popping out of wormholes in our solar system. A similar argument can be made against time travel, at least in the backward direction, since we have yet to encounter beings from the future who have decided to visit our present.

To be frank, concepts of interstellar travel have progressed only modestly since Dyson envisioned the Orion project decades ago. Yes, layers of refinement have been added: "Slow" versus "fast" spaceflight has been debated and scored, experience has now given some indications of how well humans can survive long periods in space, and theoretical physics has provided some tantalizing possibilities that might make such journeys much easier than they now appear. But the big picture has not changed: First, we must figure out how to live successfully for the long term on Earth, and then we can go to the stars.

Dyson's argument in favor of machines counts for little among those who insist — who know — that our destiny lies in the presence of humans, not our mechanistic surrogates, in space. For many of us, this knowledge runs more deeply than argument can reach. A glance at the history of the United States' space program reminds us of the many times, during the 40-plus years since the last lunar landing, that NASA has attempted to produce a reasonable plan to send humans beyond low-Earth orbit — only to have the expense of such projects, combined with the lack of a clear focus for astronaut activity, lead to their abandonment. Because the manned lunar program basically served as a counterpunch to Soviet efforts in space, once NASA and the United States achieved their initial goal of landing on the moon, they proved unable of following a coherent plan for future space exploration by humans.

What do these ambitions tell us about the future of interstellar exploration? Even before we consider human versus automated journeys, we should note that any answers to this question begin with a number: 1 million. The stars nearest to the sun lie at distances approximately 1 million times the distance to Mars at its closest approach to Earth. This ratio implies that travel to the stars at speeds our best spacecraft are capable of will take hundreds of thousands of years, and this, in turn, implies that any interstellar exploration will require either a civilization that knows how to plan for the long haul, or the ability to make spacecraft that can travel much faster — perhaps 10,000 times more rapidly — than what we have now. (I'll save the discussion of "wormholes" like those seen in the movies "Contact" and "Interstellar " for later.)

2) Masquerade - a false show or pretence.

3) Omnipotence - the quality of having unlimited or very great power

4) Abiogenesis - the original evolution of life or living organisms from inorganic or inanimate substances.

5) Nebular Cloud - A diffuse cloud of interstellar dust or gas or both, visible as luminous patches or areas of darkness depending on the way the mass absorbs or reflects incident light or emits its own light.

6) Cosmic Consciousness - a higher form of consciousness than that possessed by the ordinary man.

2. antiprotons - An antiproton is the antimatter counterpart of a proton.

3.interstellar - occurring or situated between stars.

4. pions - Pions are a type of meson, which are subatomic particles made of a combination of quarks and antiquarks.

5. muons- The muon is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with electric charge of −1 e and a spin of ¹⁄₂, but with a much greater mass 

6. cryogenic - cryogenics is the science that addresses the production and effects of very low temperatures. The word originates from the Greek words 'kryos' meaning "frost" and 'genic' meaning "to produce."

7. collimated - Collimated light is light whose rays are parallel, and therefore will spread minimally as it propagates.

8. agglomerate - to collect or gather into a cluster or mass.

Yew-Kwang Ng, Ph.D., Monash University, Clayton, Australia

http://journalofcosmology.com/QuantumCosmos113.html

2) Youtube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dst9olsYJAc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRhVcTTMlrM

3) Theoretical Physics - http://www.nature.com/news/theoretical-physics-the-origins-of-space-and-time-1.13613

4) National Geographic

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/universe/origins-universe-article/

5) Stephan Hawking - Lecture

http://www.hawking.org.uk/the-origin-of-the-universe.html

6) Wikipedia - Big Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

7) Wikipedia - Cosmogony

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogony

1. Promote Science Education – The Apollo missions inspired a whole generation of kids who wanted to grow up to be astronauts, rocket scientists, and engineers. We all know that science education has been slightly lacking in the United States as of late. Don’t you think that NASA’s return to the moon, or more importantly the much anticipated manned mission to Mars will again inspire a whole new generation to reach for the stars so to speak? I do.

2. NASA’s Environmental Research – You would think that the guys who burn a million pounds of rocket fuel wouldn’t be the most environmentally minded people in the world, or out of the world as it may be. However, most people don’t know that NASA does a lot of good environmental research while they are up there looking down at all of us. NASA has done a lot of work in studying air quality, climate change, alternative energy, and near earth objects; which as we all know from the movies can destroy the earth any day now without warning, unless we have a group of oil drillers, a nuke, and Bruce Willis.

3. Eliminate Earth Over Population – The current earth population is almost 6.8 BILLION people. Arguably beyond the carrying capacity of the earth already. The big dream is space colonization. We need somewhere to put all these people, or we all might end up living in skyscrapers, see all animal’s habitats destroyed, and smog up the air beyond what is breathable.

4. Natural Resources – Related to over population, we are burning through the earth’s natural resources pretty quickly. Out in space there is virtually unlimited resources. It is all just a matter of collecting it and bringing it back, which granted will not be an easy task. Still… it is virtually unlimited natural resources! There will be no more excuses for hiking up prices on barrels of oil. (Although hopefully we will have moved far beyond oil by then).

5.Put Ourselves into Perspective – From space earth is really small. From space earth is really fragile. Sometimes I think it would be a good thing to put our place in the universe into perspective.  I don’t go into your house light up a stogy, start pulling up your carpet, kick down your door, and then kill your cat. Yet, we as the human species have been doing that to our own home the earth for quite a while now. If we start seeing how small and fragile we are out there floating in space, maybe, just maybe we will not be so prone to abusing our one true home.

~ The first law of thermodynamics is taken as an axiom to disprove the belief of 'god' creating this universe. Simply stated as 'Nothing comes from nothing'

2) Give an example of summation of probabilities of an event to certainty as time goes to infinity

~ If an event has 10% chance of happening in any one year, then the chance that it will happen (at least once) is 19% in two years, 65.132% in ten years, and more than 99.99% in 100 years.

3) is existence of matter an presumption in proving the axiomatic approach of origin of universe

~ yes

4) is it possible that there exists a race which is for more superior than ours in terms of technological advancements in the universe

~ yes

5) according to the summation of probabilities what kind of events are bound not to happen

~ events which have absolute zero probability of happening all the time are never bound to happen 

1. It will help in exploring the farthest ends of our universe and decoding its various mysteries.

2. It would enable us to search for planets very similar to our Earth and even search for extraterrestrial life if it exists.

3. It would enable humans to settle on other planets and expand intergalactic civilization.

4. It would provide us with a greater insight of the way the universe works.

1. Do you know what interstellar travel means ?

2. Have you seen any sci-fi movies or read any books that depict interstellar travel ?

3. Do you believe that we might actually be able to create that technology one day ?

4. Are you familiar with any theories related to space warping ?

5. Are you aware of any idea or project which may enable us to travel at speeds close to the speed of light ?

6. Are you interested in learning more about interstellar travel ?

Yes! As it is derived from the five axioms above, the falsification of any of these axioms destroys our proposition. For example, if it could be established that something could actually emerge spontaneously from absolute nothing, from true vacuum (not just false vacuum), then our proposition does not follow. [However, the peculiarity and hence non-naturalness of the 'absolute nothing' that could give rise to something still needs some explanation or a creator.] Secondly, if it could be convincingly shown that some logical mistake has been committed in the reasoning leading from the five axioms to the proposition (the author is confident that this is definitely not possible), the proposition also collapses. Could the proposition itself be falsified directly? As pointed out by Susskind (2004), many great ideas have been accused of unfalsifiability but later ways for falsification/verification have been found.