English language. by Luis R https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish From Old to Middle English. en-us 2021-02-20 06:39:29 UTC 2025-11-22 04:16:59 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f5e3.png The English language. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222302583 English, like any other language, has endured changes in different aspects, from its vocabulary until its grammar structure. The reasons of these changes are invasions, immigration, and the cultural blend of it which took place in England from the invasion of Celts and Romans until the arrival of Normans in the middle ages. All these factors have influenced the English we speak nowadays.]]> 2021-02-21 02:08:06 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222302583 Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222341225 2021-02-21 03:09:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222341225 Poticial context. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222342000 England is a nation which suffered political, and cultural changes due to the invasions and immigration before and after the period of Anglo-Saxo and Old English. This brought with it the political division of the island into many kingdoms.
Now, before Middle English existed, there were many conflicts between the kings in Britain trying to reach power and gain territory, but a particular dispute came out when Harold Godwinson, king of the Wessex area, took over London, which was a place of interest to William the Conqueror.]]> 2021-02-21 03:10:53 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222342000 Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222343810 2021-02-21 03:13:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222343810 English language: from Old to Middle English. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222346549 2021-02-21 03:17:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222346549 Historical figures. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222346909 2021-02-21 03:18:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222346909 Religion conditions: Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222353543 With the arrival of William the Conqueror, the church was reorganized, which means, new monasteries, new saints, and the celebrations of the days of these saints each Sunday. Also, the Norman church was in charge of the rituals related to birth and craving. 
On the other hand, people who question the education provided by the church were seen as heretics, and they were not accepted by society.]]> 2021-02-21 03:28:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222353543 William the Conqueror. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222360061 Born in 1028, and died in 1087.
William the Conqueror was a Norman duke who invaded England in 1066, being supported by the army of Britons, French, and of course Norman. After the great "Battle of Hastings", he took the position in the country.
Note: he did not speak English but his invasion helped with the evolution of the language. ]]> 2021-02-21 03:36:29 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222360061 Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222362138 2021-02-21 03:39:31 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222362138 Linguistic aspects of English in ME (Middle English). Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222362791 In addition to what is mentioned before, with the invasion of Normans, the language spoken in that area changed, and people in the power began to use the Anglo-Norman language, which became the language of educated people, law, letter, and literature. Now, it is important to keep in mind that this language is more related to Modern French, and it was not Middle English.
On the other hand, the Anglo-Norman language helped in the development of ME, and that is because the London dialect was influenced by Old Norse. Also, Latin and French played an important role in the enrichment of the language.
Relevant characteristics of ME:
  1. A simpler system of inflections. Most of them taken from Latin and French.
 Subffixes: -tion, -ment, -able, -ancel, -entrrity, among others.
Prefixes: ex-, pre-,  en-, un-, con-, de-, dis-, pro-, trans-, among others.
2. The spell of some words changed based on the French language. E.g. Ou for U in words like bound, Gh for H in other words like sigh.
3. Progressive forms of the verb, and auxiliary verbs were added.
4. New phonemes emerged, such as:
/f/ vs /v/, and /s/ vs /z/.
5. Increased the dependency on prepositions and word-order.
Now, the reason why ME became important was that it was good for negotiation, and London, as the capital, was the center of businesses. Eventually, more people, even the loyalty, began to make use of it. 
]]> 2021-02-21 03:40:25 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222362791 Middle English: Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222362978 2021-02-21 03:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222362978 Old English: Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222363166 2021-02-21 03:41:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222363166 Alfred the Great. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222364106 Born in 848, and died in 899.
King of the West Saxons and Anglo-Saxons.
Fought, for several years, against the Vikings to defend his kingdom.
Built schools and fomented education.
Improved the quality of his people.
Note: the educational service that he promoted was conducted in OE (Old English) instead of Latin.]]> 2021-02-21 03:42:24 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222364106 Differences between Old and Middle English: Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222364773
1. There were different letters in Old English, such as ð (eth), æ (ash), and Þ (thorn), that do not exist in Middle English.
2. The vocabulary of OE (Old English) was strongly related to Germanic languages and less related to any other language than the vocabulary of ME (Middle English), which, we can say, became a type of blend because it has more vocabulary from French and Latin.
3. The grammar structure is different, and that is because OE did not have prepositions and affixes.
4. ME integrated short and long vowels, in other words, in OE the following sounds did not exist: /eɪ/, /ə/, /ɔ:/, /ɪ/, among others.
5. Old English was spoken from 450 - 1,150.
6. And, Middle English was spoken from 1,150 - 1,500.]]> 2021-02-21 03:43:20 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222364773 Main writers of ME (Middle English). Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222365327 When talking about the literature of Middle English, we know that many important works have an unknown author, like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, which is a poem, and Pearl Cleanness Patience. Also, in this era literature was inspired and influenced by Normans, and the English authors tried to imitate the type of literature wrote in French and Latin. In addition to what is said, the three main types of genre in literature were religious, courtly love, and arthurian, and some of these texts were based on romance in poetry, as French and Latin did.
On the other hand, it is necessary to mention Geoffrey Chaucer, who was known as the best writer at that moment, wrote in the London dialect in the second half of the 14th century, which help ME in taking over in England.
Important works in ME:
  • Ormulun, written by Orm in the 12th century.
  • The interpretation of the Bible.
  • The Owl and the Nightingale, by an anonymous author.
  • Brut, by Layamon's Brut in the 13th century.
  • Historia Regum Britanniae, written by Geoffrey of Monmouth between 1,100 - 1,155.
  • Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a poem written by an anonymous author in the 14th century.
  • Piers Plowman, by William Langland between 1,332 - 1,386.
  • Pearl Cleanness Patience, written by an anonymous author, too.
]]> 2021-02-21 03:44:11 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222365327 Conclusion. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222367529 Middle English, which existed between the 12th century and the 14th century, is the successor of OE, and the ancestor of Modern English, I mean, the language we use nowadays. Also, even though we still make use of words from OE, ME is the improvement of English when talking about the grammar, vocabulary, and sounds of the language. On the other hand, the development of English emerged thanks to immigration, invasions, political and cultural changes, and literature written in the dialect of London. In other words, the language evolved to get adapted to the needs of the people.
Finally, it is necessary to say that today we have a huge and complete language rich in history, vocabulary, and works of literature that will always be part of the culture of every English speaker.]]> 2021-02-21 03:47:03 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222367529 Sources. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222367832 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. (n. d.) Without title [gif]. https://giphy.com/explore/the-books

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Anonymous. [Medieval Tales in Performance]. Cædmon’s Hymn (Sung in Old English) [Video file]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lg4mg7q4bSQ

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Freepik. (2020). Conjunto de símbolos mediavales cascos de batalla para caballetos o reyes, vintage, dibujado a mano grabado en boceto o oestilo corte de madera [illustration]. https://www.freepik.es/vector-premium/conjunto-simbolos-medievales-cascos-batalla-caballeros-o-reyes-vintage-dibujado-mano-grabado-boceto-o-estilo-corte-madera-antiguo-aspecto-retro-romano_9274028.htm#page=1&query=kings%20battle&position=5

Freepik. (2020). Vista interior de una iglesia con iconos religiosos en las paredes y ventanas [photo]. https://www.freepik.es/foto-gratis/vista-interior-iglesia-iconos-religiosos-paredes-ventanas_9654593.htm#page=1&query=church&position=17

Horobin, S. (2002). An Introduction to Middle English [E-book]. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=LDBF5TJZHzQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+middle+english&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr-7vN6_nuAhXDFjQIHZPDDWgQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20middle%20english&f=false

Kay, B. [Brian Kay Official]. Bryd One Brere –Middle English Song (live) Anglo-Saxon Lyre & Voice [video file]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccDZb-Evg8w

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]]> 2021-02-21 03:47:27 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222367832 Historical context. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222387891 2021-02-21 04:10:08 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222387891 Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222401559 2021-02-21 04:22:08 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222401559 Linguistic inheritance. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222482290 2021-02-21 05:22:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222482290 Song in OE. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222528069 2021-02-21 05:56:36 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222528069 Song in ME. Hazzitta https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222528363 2021-02-21 05:56:49 UTC https://padlet.com/hazzitta/fromOldtoMiddleEnglish/wish/1222528363