2. From the North Pole the water is slower and as it gets closer to the equator it warms up while the air from the equator to the North Pole it moves faster and as the warmth spread out the air cools and starts the cycle.

3. The global conveyor belt moves water around the globe and kind of filters the water, heating it and cooling it in a cycle. It also moves heat and nutrients throughout the ocean.

4. Wind causes surface water to circulate in the oceans. 

5. Density differences causes deep currents to go through the process of upwelling and circulate the water.

6. When it freezes the salt levels go up.

7. Solar warming of ocean waters is where the warm water starts it’s venture to the Sea-to-Air Heat Transfer where the water cools and that water goes back to Solar warming of ocean waters and begins a cycle.

8. No because upwelling helps filter needed nutrients through the ocean.

9. The air in a convection current is always colder in the atmosphere and warmer on Earth’s surface.

10. Air always moves from high pressure to low pressure. 

11. The heating of the Earth's surface and atmosphere by the sun drives convection currents in the atmosphere and ocean. That convection causes winds and ocean currents.

12. Temperature and precipitation. 

13. As latitude increases, the temperature falls.

14. Because the mountain sometimes acts as a barrier for rain. On the windward side of a mountain, there is more precipitation. As air parcel because of the high elevation on the windward side of the mountain, the air parcel cools, condenses, causing it to rain.

15. The land will be colder because it looses its stored heat faster.

16. In the summer, the ocean side will be colder than the inner land, and in the winter the ocean will be warmer than the inner land because land looses and gains heat much faster than water.

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. True

6. False

7. True

8. False

9. True

10. True

11. d.

12. c.

13. d.

14. a.

15. b. & e.

2: The water traveling from the North Pole is cold and then becomes warm water, while water traveling from the equator is warm and becomes cold water.

3: It’s role is to move around and transport cold and warm water all over the earth.

4: Wind moves it.

5: Convection currents.

6: It changes because when ice melts in the ocean, it puts fresh water in the ocean, which lessens the amount of salt. This is important because when the amount of salt is changed, it effects the Global Conveyer Belt. This happens because salt affects the density of water which affects the movement of the water.

7: In the model, the cold and salty deep current is moving east, and the warm and shallow current is moving west. This means that both currents are moving in opposite directions. When the warm current reaches as far west as it can go, sea-to-air heat transfer causes it to transform into cold currents. When the cold current reaches as far east as it can go, the solar warming of ocean waters transforms it into warm currents. 

8: It would not because the cold, nutrient rich water would not rise up to feed the plants and the plants feed smaller sea creatures which feed other bigger sea creatures.

10: Air always moves from high pressure to low pressure.

11:  When air is going from high pressure to low pressure, and/or when it turns from warm to cold air.

12: Latitude, elevation, topography, and its distance from the ocean.

13: The higher the latitude the lower the temperature. They have different characteristic temperatures because the bigger the latitude the closer it gets to the poles and the farther it gets from the equator. This affects the amount of sunlight that area gets.

14: When air wants to go around a mountain, it mostly goes over it. When it gets to top of the mountain it cools and forms clouds. Then it precipitates one side of the mountain. Once it does this it is dry. It then begins its decent towards the ground and getting hotter as it does. This helps form deserts.

15: The land is colder because the ocean holds heat better.

16: The coastal side would be colder in the summer but warmer in the winter because water stores heat very well but takes a while to gain it.

2. The water from the equator to North Pole is cold but from the North Pole to the equator the water is hotter.

3. The Global Ocean Conveyor Belt is another name for a predictable path that the circulation of the water follows.

4. Temperature changes how the water will move.

5.  Upwelling is the process that brings deep water to the surface.

6. When ice forms it effects the amount of water in the ocean because the ice has some salt in it meaning there is less moving salt in the ocean. This is important because if the ocean gets too much salt in it bad things can happen.

7. This model is showing a predictable path that the ocean water could take. You see the Sea-to-Air label, Solar Warming of Ocean Waters label, Warm Shallow Current label, and the Cold and Salty Deep Current label. All of these are different places where these things happen.

8. If upwelling did not occur the ocean would not be able to support as many organisms because all of the food is at the bottom and the bottom of the ocean would be too cold for the organisms to survive.

10. Air always moves from high pressure to low pressure.

11. Heat from the sun and where the sun hits the Earth causes air to form convention currents. 

12. Important features of climate are observing the patterns and the locations of the patterns.

13. Latitude affects temperature because depending on where you are the sun hits different spots differently.

14. Mountains often have a desert side because by the time the air gets to the other side it is dry.

15. Ocean because wind currents can flow from colder areas.

16. The coastal side because the cold wind would be directly hitting it.

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. True

6. False

7. True

8. False

9. False

10. True

11. d.

12. c.

13. d.

14. a.

15. b. & e.

Use the PowerPoint slides 11-21 to answer these questions.

 

9. The air in a convection current is always warmer in the atmosphere and colder on Earth’s surface. (Fill in with warmer or colder)

 

10. Air always moves from high pressure to low pressure. (Fill in with low or high)

 

11. What causes air to form convection currents and winds?

Air moving from high to low pressure causes wind and convection currents.

 

12. What are the most important features of climate?

 The most important features of climate are temperature and precipitation

13. How does latitude affect temperature? (Why do different latitudes have different characteristic temperatures?)

 The uneven heating of the earth causes different temperatures at different latitudes

14. Why do mountains often have a desert on one side? (Give a thorough explanation including how elevation affects precipitation.)

 Wind goes over mountains. As it rises the air cools and forms clouds. Then the clouds rain or snow. The dry air goes up the other side of the mountain and moves back down the mountain. As the air goes down the mountain it warms. The warm and dry air then create deserts

15. Which gets colder in the winter, the land, or the ocean? Why?

The land is colder in the winter than the ocean because the water holds heat longer

 

16. Would the coastal side of California marked by the blue spot be hotter or colder than the Nevada side of California marked by the blue spot, hundreds of miles inland? Why?

 The blue dot at the Nevada side would be hotter because the water maker the blue dot by the coastal side makes the temperature colder than it would be at that Latitude

 

2. the first answer choice

3. I think that area is a high pressure trough because as the lines get closer to the middle, they get bigger. 

Use the PowerPoint slides 2-10 to answer these questions.

 

1. Is surface water in the ocean usually warmer or colder than deep water in the ocean? Why?

Cold water has a higher density than warm water. Water gets colder with depth because cold, salty ocean water sinks to the bottom of the ocean basins below the less dense warmer water near the surface.

 

2. How does the temperature of water traveling from the north pole towards the equator compare to the temperature of water traveling from the equator towards the north pole?

Cold, salty, dense water sinks at the Earth's northern polar region and heads south along the western Atlantic basin.

The now-warmed surface waters continue circulating around the globe. They eventually return to the North Atlantic where the cycle begins again.

 

3. What is the role of the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt?

The global ocean conveyor belt is a constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity. The great ocean conveyor moves water around the globe. ... As more warm water is transported north, the cooler water sinks and moves south to make room for the incoming warm water.

 

4. What moves surface water in the ocean? 

As wind blows across the ocean, it moves water because of friction at the ocean surface. Because the Earth rotates, surface water moves to the right of the wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left of the wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect.

 

5. What moves deep water in the ocean?  

 

The great ocean conveyor moves water around the globe.

6. When ice forms in the ocean, how does the amount of salt in the water change? Why is this important? (What happens because of the change in salt concentration?)

When water evaporates it’s is decreasing the amount of water in the ocean wich means more salt for the water left behind. Then when glaciers melt the replenish the amount of fresh water in the ocean wich quickly turn to salt water and and the amount of salt per molecule of water lowers.

 

7. Write a description of this model of ocean water movement. Specifically discuss each of the 4 labels on the model (Sea-to-Air Heat Transfer, etc.), and how the currents work.

Warm water in a shallow current near the surface moves toward the North Pole near Iceland. As this water reaches the colder polar region, some of it freezes or evaporates, leaving behind the salt that was dissolved in it. The resulting water is colder and has more salt per volume than it did before (and thus is more dense).

The cold, dense, salty water sinks deeper into the ocean and moves to the south, as far as Antarctica. After it makes its way near Antarctica, the cold, deep current splits, one branch moving up toward India into the Indian Ocean and the other continuing along Antarctica into the Pacific Ocean.

Each branch of the cold, deep current is eventually warmed in the Indian Ocean or the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Although the water still contains the same amount of salt, it’s a little less dense because it’s warmer than the cold water surrounding it; as a result, it moves upward, becoming a surface current.

The warm, shallow, less dense surface current moves to the west, across the Pacific Ocean, and into the Indian Ocean, where it rejoins the Indian Ocean branch. Both branches then continue into the Atlantic Ocean and head back toward the North Pole.

 

8. If upwelling did not occur, would the ocean be able to support as many organisms? (If you need help with this question, look at the following resource) https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/8_ocean_currents/activities/currents.html

The colder water eventually helps to weaken the cyclone. Because the deep water brought to the surface is often rich in nutrients, coastal upwelling supports the growth of seaweed and plankton. These, in turn, provide food for fish, marine mammals, and birds.

So, no.

 

Guided Questions for March 18-20

Use the PowerPoint slides 11-21 to answer these questions.

 

9. The air in a convection current is always colder in the atmosphere and warmer on Earth’s surface. (Fill in with warmer or colder)

 

10. Air always moves from high pressure to low pressure. (Fill in with low or high)

 

11. What causes air to form convection currents and winds?

All wind is caused by the uneven heating of Earth's surface, which sets convection currents in motion.

 

12. What are the most important features of climate? 

The two most important factors in the climate of an area are temperature and precipitation.

 

13. How does latitude affect temperature? (Why do different latitudes have different characteristic temperatures?)

Higher latitudes receive less heat than lower latitude areas nearer the equator. The Earth's axis is tilted 23.5° to the perpendicular, meaning that the amount of sunlight that a particular latitude receives changes with the seasons.

 

14. Why do mountains often have a desert on one side? (Give a thorough explanation including how elevation affects precipitation.)

 

15. Which gets colder in the winter, the land, or the ocean? Why?

The circled one

 

A. Moderate weather with mild breezes.

A. The center of the high pressure area.

The area covering Mexico is low pressure, and I can tell because the low pressure areas are closer to Mexico, and the areas are covered by low pressure areas.

The warm front is traveling away from New York.

Washington DC.

Eventually in Washington DC, the temperature will likely increase in temperature.

Based on the current pressure centers, Charlotte is likely to get rain that is in Nashville, because the weather forecast shows that the precipitation could pass over. 

Nashville will likely experience a cold front soon.

The temperature in Springfield will likely increase. 

I would expect to see an H on the map near St. Louis.

Washington DC might have warm weather because the pressure system didn’t change.

A. The temperatures are very high with large amounts of rain.

P.  The low pressure areas will speed up migration because there is great wind movement to help the birds with flying. 

What increases the amount of evaporation?

The increase in temperature increases the amount of evaporation, the rate of evaporation can decrease due to humidity, and and evaporation increases with wind speed. 

Surface water in the ocean is usually warmer than the deep water in the ocean, because the solar warming of ocean water transfers over to the sea to air heat transfer. 

The temperature of the water traveling to from the north pole towards the equator 

is way warmer because of the solar warming in the ocean water, and the water traveling from the south pole is colder than the water traveling from the north.

The role of the Global Ocean Conveyer Belt’s role is to move more warm water around the globe, as warm water is transported to north, the cool water sinks and moves south to make room for more water.

In the ocean, the warm shallow current moves the surface water inside of the ocean. 

The cold and salty deep current moves the surface water inside of the ocean.

Why is this important?

When ice forms in the ocean, the salinity of the water changes , and when the water temperature falls below 1-8 celsius, the freshwater eventually cools and freezes, this forces the salt to eject from the ice into the seawater which makes it denser and saltier.

    

The model of the ocean has warm shallow currents and cold and salty deep currents, they’re also labelled with sea to air transfer and solar warming of ocean waters which indicates that they’re different areas. The currents move from north to south depending on which they are.

Since water holds heat better than air, water can carry __ thermal __ energy to coastal locations                            that get less sunlight. In doing so, water helps to make these areas __warmer_   than they would be otherwise. The opposite is also true – as cold water from near the north pole flows towards coastal areas near the equator, it absorbs heat from the air and land in these warmer areas, making them __cooler_ than they would be otherwise. This is only true for the coastal areas near the ocean        (or other LARGE bodies of water). _Different_ areas at the same latitude have temperatures that are more extreme than their coastal counterparts.  

 

¡  What type of location will be warmest based on the content from slide 12?

The Equator will be the warmest.

¡  What type of location will be coldest based on the content from slide 12?

The poles will be the coldest.

¡  Use slide 16 to decide what climate zone you prefer. If you have already chosen your location, verify that it is in the climate zone you prefer. If it is not, you may choose a different location.

The climate I want is the Temperate climate zone.

 

¡  What do slides 18 and 19 tell you about wind? 

They tell you that mountains often have deserts behind them and plains often have thunderstorms and tornadoes because of wind.

¡  Which one(s) of the following would have the strongest winds? Why?

                                         b) an open prairie

It would be a open prairie because there is nothing there for the winds to go around.

Mountain climates would most likely be cold and snowy because it is so high up.                

 

 

¡   How does latitude affect precipitation?

Latitude affects precipitation by different areas getting different levels of precipitation.

¡  How does latitude affect air pressure?

Air pressure is affected by latitude by different air pressure bands being at different latitudes.

¡  How does latitude affect wind?

Latitude affects wind by having different air pressure band at different places which control the amount of wind in that place.

¡  Air pressure is related to temperature through density. When air gets warm, it _rises_, because it is _less_ dense.

¡  When air gets cold, it _sinks_ , because it is _more   dense. 

¡  Air pressure is related to precipitation through the water cycle. Water evaporates quickly when it is _hot_ , but as it evaporates, it cools, condenses, then falls as precipitation. At bands of _low_ air pressure, warm air rises causing increased evaporation, while at bands of _high_ air pressure, cold air sinks causing decreased evaporation. 

 

                                                                                          

 

 

                           

Ellie Brigance                                                                                                                   March 31,2020 

3^rd science 

Pre-project Planning and Goal Setting Form 

 

What part of the project do you think will be the biggest challenge, and why? 

 

I think the biggest challenge of the project is the defending your area when someone comes up with a way why yours is not best and then you have think how to defend the place you choose. 

 

 

 

What steps can you take to make this challenge go smoothly? 

 

I can practice the 2 minute statement and the other steps for it to go smoothly. 

 

 

 

 

What do you hope to do especially well in the debate? 

 

I hope to say the 2 minute statement well. 

 

 

How much time do you expect to need to prepare for the debate? This can be stated in time/day or total time. 

 

I will probably need 2 days because it is a 2 minute statement. 

 

 

 

What materials do you need to have with you during the debate? (map, figures, research notes, paper to take notes, pencil) 

 

 

Materials I would need to have are my papers, a pencil, my research papers, and a map. 

 

•What type of location will be coldest based on the content from slide 12?                                                 
the poles get the least direct sunlight so they would be the coldest 

•Use slide 16 to decide what climate zone you prefer. If you have already chosen your location, verify that it is in the climate zone you prefer. If it is not, you may choose a different location.                 
  I preferred temperate locations.

•Which one(s) of the following would have the strongest winds? Why?

  a mountain range because the higher up you go in atmospheric gravity is reduced and it’s cooler because air temperatures decreases.

●Based on slide 19, what would the climate in the mountains be like?                                                         It’s really wet on one side of the mountain and really dry on the other side of the mountain.

13. Latitude affects climate because some areas receive more sunlight than others.

14. Mountains have a desert on one side because climate is affected by topography (the shapes and sizes of land surfaces) and wind has to move over the top of mountains, but then it cools, forming clouds which precipitate. When the air gets to the far side of to the mountain, it’s dry. As it goes back down the mountain, it warms up, forming deserts. 

15. In the winter, the land is colder than the ocean because water holds heat better than air.

16. The coastal side of California would be hotter the Nevada side because the coastal side is closer to water and water holds heat better than air. 

2.  B (The center of the high pressure area)

3. The area covering Mexico is high pressure because the high pressure goes to the low pressure, so the air moves to low pressure and to Mexico.

2. Springfield’s temperature will probably decrease.

3. St. Louis will probably have an H.

4. Part of Washington D.C. will be cold, and the other part warm.

44.8498° N, 121.4012° W 

January 40° / 24° 6 days of rain

February 43° / 25° 5 days of rain

March 50° / 28° 5 days of rain

April 56° / 32° 4 days of rain

May 66° / 39° 3 days of rain

June 73° / 44° 3 days of rain

July 84° / 50° 1 day of rain

August 83° / 48° 1 day of rain

September 75° / 40° 1 day of rain

October 61° / 33° 3 days of rain

November 47° / 28° 5 days of rain

December 38° / 23° 7 days of rain

•But climate is more than just temperature. Climate is the general pattern of temperatures, precipitation, humidity, and wind in an area. 

Look above

Now, it’s time for why I like the Coast and Tropical zone. First, I will show you what it’s like in Santa Catalina with words in a poetic way. There is nothing to distract you from the warmth of the beach and the bright, tropical colors of the reef, with fish swimming all around. The warmth wraps around you like a cloak, yet you feel so free. You can also stare out and ponder the clear, open, and endless ocean. Just imagine sitting under a tree in the cool, satisfying shade while looking at the ocean’s waves dance in the sunlight. Now, a coastal and tropical area is perfect because there’s low precipitation, and low elevation. A low elevation is good because there are no to few tall hills to block your expanded view of the ocean. Also, there are coral reefs you can view from the ocean. Now, despite the fact it may be humid, think of it also as warm, and if you don’t like the warmth there’s the topography to help. If it’s too hot, you could go under the trees for shade. The trees don’t only block out the sun when you need them, but make wind go around. That means you have no to little windy days to worry about in a tropical zone. However, if you like the breeze, there’s still some space for the wind to come. Finally, the temperature’s a bit mild. When it’s hot it’s a little cool, and when it’s cold it’s a little warm.

For these reasons, I believe a home that’s in a coastal area and tropical zone is the perfect home.

2. B

3. B

4. D

5. B

6. B, D

7. D

8. C

9. A = Cold Front  B = Warm Front  C = Stationary Front

10. Cold Front

 One is colder air and other warmer 

•Based on the location of the jet stream, is Mexico or Tennessee MORE likely to have unchanging weather?

Mexico

1.Based on the location of the jet stream, is this weather map MOST likely from March, or July?

 March

2.How does the temperature at point A compare to the temperature at point B?

 Ones in the warmer region and ones in the colder region

3.Which direction is the warm air mass MOST likely to move? (N, S, E, or W?)

North
It's okay to just answer the questions (for example, 1) March)

2. Mexico is more likely to have unchanging weather because it is farther away from the jet stream. 

3. March 

4. Point A is warmer than point B

5. The warm air mass is moving next to the jet stream, so it is going east, but it is also going a little bit south because of the dip in the jet stream.

Across India there are many animals big and small. The diverse terriane is perfect for one animal, the leopard gecko. Hiding under a rock the gecko spies a small cricket munching on some grass. The gecko focuses, crouches, and  springs at the small bug. The small bug realizes at the last second that it has come too an uncertain death. Crunch goes the cricket as the lizard's jaws enclose over its body. Gulp! The gecko swallows the cricket whole after just one bite. The lizard scampers off to find more prey. On the way, a large snake slithers through the grass. The lizard’s head shoots up, but the snake is nowhere to be seen. The gecko uses its keen sense of hearing to detect where the snake is. The lizard darts under a rock hoping the snake did not see him. The snake slithers right up next to the rock, but the lizard's scales help it to blend in. The snake realizes he can not find the lizard, gives up, and slides off still hungry. The lizard slowly, cautiously, moves out from under the rock. The lizard runs as fast as he can in the opposite direction of the snake. It nearly bareilles into a  Eurasian pygmy shrew who was happily munching on a spider it's favorite snack. The tired lizard slowly creeps towards a small rock. It climbs up. And off in the distance, a Indian hog deer grazing. “Rest” the gecko thinks and that's exactly what he did. Sleep well little gecko sleep well.

2) D

3) Deer, rabbits, frogs, and birds

4) Jackrabbits, ravens, and ringtails 

5) No

6) C

7) A

8) The Sun

9) Producers

2. Food web 2 belongs to the desert.

3. In food web 1, deer, squirrels, frogs, and birds are herbivores.

4. In food web 1, I think probably ravens, jackrabbits, and pine martins are herbivores.

5. According to food web 2, a lizard would not eat a tarantula. 

6. Trophies levels represent nutritional energy levels.

7. Producers need to have the largest population.

8. Energy in a food web comes from the sun.

9. Producers transfer the most amount of energy when eaten. 

2 bushes because they are a little bigger than small plants, and they can grow in the soil left behind from dead small plants. 

3 coniferous trees because they need the most nutrient rich soil. This soil would be there because of dead plants and because small animals can live in bushes.