THERMODYNAMICS by

THERMODYNAMICS by https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1 By: Christina San Martin, Melissa Cruz, Chris Safille, and Nestor Castellanos en-us 2019-04-18 10:40:16 UTC 2023-03-26 12:52:56 UTC hello@padlet.com https://imgglb.padletcdn.com/v13/image?t=g_auto&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet.net%2Ficons%2Fpng%2F1f9ea.png THERMODYNAMICS nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352522424 2019-04-18 10:44:19 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352522424 WORK nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352522502 A measure of energy expended by moving an object.
In chemical reactions, work is found by calculating:
w = Δ V x P
Δ V = change in system volume
P = Pressure]]> 2019-04-18 10:45:27 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352522502 STATE FUNCTION nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352522549 A property whose value does not depend on the path taken to reach that specific value.]]> 2019-04-18 10:46:02 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352522549 REVERSIBLE VS IRREVERSIBLE nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533397 2019-04-18 12:20:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533397 SYSTEM VS SURROUNDING nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533427 The system is the part of the universe being studied, and the surroundings are the rest of the universe that interacts with the system.
Types of systems:

Open system is a system that freely exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings.
Closed system is a system that exchanges only energy with its surroundings, not matter.
An isolated system does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.

]]> 2019-04-18 12:20:50 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533427 ENTROPY nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533497 Entropy is a measure of the amount of chaos or disorder in a system.]]> 2019-04-18 12:21:06 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533497 ENTHALPY nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533527 Enthalpy is a measure of heat in a system. ]]> 2019-04-18 12:21:19 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533527 GIBBS FREE ENERGY nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533617 Gibbs Free Energy is the energy that is available to do useful work. It measures the balance between the two driving forces (entropy and ethalpy) that determine whether a reaction is spontaneous.

How to predict spontaneity: If the free energy, G, of the system is negative, then the reaction is spontaneous.

]]> 2019-04-18 12:21:48 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533617 LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533663 2019-04-18 12:22:01 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533663 SPONTANEOUS VS NONSPONTANEOUS: nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533751 Spontaneous reaction occurs without energy input.

A ball rolling downhill.

Non-spontaneous reaction occurs with energy input.

A ball being rolled uphill.

]]> 2019-04-18 12:22:34 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352533751 1st Law: Law of Conservation of Energy czsanmartin https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352541759 States "energy cannot be created nor destroyed." Energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another.
Example: Photosynthesis uses the sun's energy to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. ]]> 2019-04-18 12:56:39 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352541759 2nd Law czsanmartin https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352545348 States that the entropy of any isolated system always increases a.k.a. chaos.
Example: If a room is not tidied up, it will inevitably become more messy even if you try your hardest to keep it clean. When the room is cleaned, it's entropy decreases. The effort to clean it has resulted in an increase in entropy outside the room that exceeds the entropy lost.]]> 2019-04-18 13:10:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352545348 3rd Law czsanmartin https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352551085 States that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, it's entropy becomes constant or the change in entropy is zero.
Example: The 3rd Law is not very applicable to our day-to-day lives and governs the dynamics of objects at the lowest known temperatures. It defines what is called a "perfect crystal," that has it's atoms glued in their positions. The perfect crystal has absolutely no entropy which can only be achievable at the absolute temperature. ]]> 2019-04-18 13:31:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352551085 REVERSIBLE nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352555315 Is one for which we can restore the system to its original condition with no change to the surrounding.
Example: Ice melts into water but the process can be undone by freezing water.

]]> 2019-04-18 13:46:50 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352555315 IRREVERSIBLE nesto_castellanos001 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352557298 Is one that leaves the surrounding somehow changed when the system is restored to its original state.
Example: An egg can break into pieces, but putting it back together to its original state is impossible.]]> 2019-04-18 13:53:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352557298 Relationship between Enthalpy, Entropy, and Free Energy cbsafille18 https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352561568 Free Energy combines enthalpy and entropy into a single value.]]> 2019-04-18 14:08:57 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352561568 Open system czsanmartin https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352831874 Example: Humans like Professor Gillings! We actively interact with our environment which causes changes to our environment and us. ]]> 2019-04-20 03:50:17 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352831874 Isolated System czsanmartin https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352832394 Example: A thermo! The insulated container is closed with hot coffee. There will be no exchange of heat or matter. ]]> 2019-04-20 04:01:02 UTC https://padlet.com/nesto_castellanos001/guv3u8kwycb1/wish/352832394