Robinson Crusoe & Gulliver's Travels by

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-08 08:58:38 UTC

Robinson Crusoe

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-11 09:30:08 UTC

A man finds himself stranded on an island and he must prove himself worthy of salvation in the eyes of God.

Daniel Defoe

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-11 09:30:35 UTC

Defoe was born in 1660 in Dublin, Ireland, from a family of Dissenters. He wrote for the Whigs in the paper for many years, but when Queen Anne came into power he was forced to refute his Whigs ideas and start working for the Tories. When he was 60 years old he started writing novels, with the most successful being "Robinson Crusoe".

The Dissenters

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-25 09:14:08 UTC

The Dissenters were people who didn't recognize the authority of the Church. Ever since the Church had identified uniformity with the security of the State, during James I's reign, dissent was treated as treason.

Gulliver's Travels

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-25 09:36:05 UTC

We follow the travels of Lemuel Guliver, on which he encounters the most absurd lands and civilizations, altering his life forever.

Jonathan Swift

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-25 09:41:58 UTC

Jonathan Swift was born in 1667 in Dublin. He became secretary to Whigs statesman Sir William Temple, when his family returned to England, at the time of the Glorious Revolution. He was encouraged by Temple to write satirical works. His most famous work by far is Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, known as Gulliver's Travels.

The Glorious Revolution

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-25 09:50:14 UTC

The two opposing parties in England, the Whigs and the Tories, were alarmed by the son of James II and Mary of Modena inheriting the throne, since he was a Catholic and this could lead to another civil war. So they began to negotiate with William of Orange, whose Protestant wife Mary, James II's daughter, was next in succession to the throne. In 1688 William of Orange marched across southern England while James, his wife andson fled to France. In January 1689 William and Mary became joint monarchs as William III and Mary II. A revolution had taken place as the monarch had been chosen by Parliament, not by "Divine Right". Because this revolution had succeeded without any fighting, it was known as the "Bloodless" or "Glorious" Revolution.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-25 10:01:24 UTC

Swift was incredibly controversial during this time. He has been labelled as a misanthrope, a man with a morbid attitude, both a hater and a lover of mankind.

From his works, it clearly emerged that he was concerned with politics, and was mainly conservative, but he also did not share the enthusiasm and the patriotism of his contemporaries. He called himself a "hater of man", but also donated to poor people and the Catholic church.

Plot

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 15:11:02 UTC

The novel consists of of four books. In the first one, Gulliver sails from Bristol on 4th of May 1699, but his ship is wrecked and he finds himself on the island of Lilliput. The inhabitants of the island, the Lilliputians, are very little people, with the tallest ones standing at 6 inches tall. They bring him to the capital where Gulliver eventually gains the favour of the king.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 17:16:12 UTC

In 1702 Gulliver finds himself in Brobdingnag, a country that is native to giants. Gulliver becomes a pet and is carried around in a cage by the king, with whom he likes to have conversations about the English society. Eventually his cage is picked up by a huge bird, which drops the cage into the sea where Gulliver is rescued by a ship and returns to England.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 18:09:06 UTC

In the third book, Gulliver finds himself on the island of Laputa, an island that floats thanks to magnetism, and that inhabited by absent-minded scientists that carry out pointless and absurd experiments. The island drops Gulliver in Japan and he manages to get back to England.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 18:12:58 UTC

Gulliver's last voyage leads him to an island inhabited by the Houyhnhnms, intelligent horses that rule over the Yahoos, who are stupid, corrupt and similar to humans in appearance. Gulliver admires the superiority of the Houyhnhnms and is ashamed of his similiarities with the Yahoos, so much so that when he returns to England he cant bear the society of his fellow beings and goes off to live in a barn among the animals that remind him of the nobility of the Houyhnhnms.

Plot

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 18:50:30 UTC

Robinson Kreutznaer, anglicised Crusoe, is a middle class man born in York in 1632 of a German father and and English mother. At 19 he decides to leave his home to travel around the world and make his fortune. During his first voyage he goes to Guinea then back to England; during his second voyage he is captured by Moorish pirates but manages to escape. He is then rescued by a Portugese ship and is brought to Brazil, where he becomes the owner of a plantation.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 18:59:19 UTC

In need of more labour, he goes to Africa to get slaves, but he shipwrecks on a desert island on the way there. The rest of the novel takes place over 28 years and describes Crusoe rebuilding British society on the island. He writes a diary where he records his experiences and debates contemporary ideas.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 19:03:38 UTC

After 12 years of solitude, Crusoe finds a footprint on the island, and some bones and flesh left by cannibals. When Crusoe decides to attack these cannibals, they escape and leave behind one of their captives, whom Crusoe calls Friday, after the day of his rescue. He teaches Friday how to say yes and no, and teaches him the word "master". Friday becomes Crusoe's slave to repay him for his rescue.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 19:24:06 UTC

When other cannibals land on the island, Robinson and Friday attack them and free two of their prisoners, one of whom turns out to be Friday's father. The novel ends with Robinson's return to England and his discovery that his plantation in Brazil has prospered and made him very rich.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 19:33:29 UTC

James II came to the throne in 1685, and his heirs were his two Protestant daughters, Mary and Anne, who were married to the rulers of Holland and Denmark respectively. However, James married and had a son with the Catholic Mary of Modena, so the son took precedence over Mary as successor. This eventually led to a revolution (See: The Glorious Revolution) that brought William III and Mary II to the throne as joint monarchs. When Mary died in 1694 without having had any kids, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement, which excluded Catholics from the throne and declared that Anne and her heirs would succeed William, which happened in 1702 when William died.

Queen Anne

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 20:21:26 UTC

Queen Anne was a very popular queen. She made important political decisions and attended the House of Lords. During her reign, in 1707, the Act of Union was passed, which joined the kingdom of England and Scotland under a single Parliament in Westminster. She also signed the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 at the end of the war of Spanish Succession, in which England was involved against France. By 1714 the British were importing a number of goods from all over the world, including timber from America, sugar and tea from the West Indies, and much more. When Queen Anne died in 1714, George I, Elector of Hanover and James I's great-grandson, inherited two kingdoms and twelve colonies.

The House of Lords

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 20:27:36 UTC

The House of Lords was, and still is today, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house, the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England.

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 22:02:17 UTC

made by:

Alberto Callegari

Lora Mae De Sagun Desepeda

Lorenzo Nobilio

Emanuele Parrocchia

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 22:27:45 UTC

albertocallegari8 — 2024-11-28 22:32:08 UTC