2.  How does compartmentalization help the functioning of the lysosome? The membrane minimizes competing interactions, maintains a more acidic PH

3.  How does membrane folding help the mitochondria and the chloroplast perform their functions? Maximizes surface area for metabolic reactions to occur.

4.  If a viral infection leads to the disruption of the lysosome membrane, predict the effect on the cell?  Justify your prediction. The lysosome would not compete with the virus because the membrane minimizes competing interactions

2.  How is facilitated diffusion different from regular diffusion? The former is done through transport proteins

3.  Large quantities of water use ___aquaporins______________ to cross the cell membrane.

4.  Describe two ways in which active transport differs from passive transport. Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration. Require metabolic energy (atp)

5.  What are the three types of endocytosis? Use your textbook to find out how receptor mediated endocytosis differs from the other types of endocytosis. Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis.

6.  What is exocytosis?  How do you think it might be used by the cell? Internal vesicles use energy to fuse with the plasma membrane and secrete large macromolecules out of the cell

7.  How does the cell maintain a high concentration of sodium ions outside of the cell? Active transport

2. Prokaryotic cells have an internal region called the _____nucleoid region_________ which contain its genetic material, but eukaryotes have a membrane bound ____nucleus____________ which contain genetic material.

3. Which eukaryotic membrane bound organelle is thought to have evolved from infoldings of the plasma membrane? The nucleus and er

4. Which eukaryotic membrane bound organelles are thought to have evolved from the process of endosymbiosis? Mitochondria

5. Describe the process of endosymbiosis. A prokaryotic cell is engulfed through endocytosis. The engulfed cell loses its functionality and becomes the mitochondria of the cell

6. Describe three pieces of evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from endosymbiosis.