Egyptian Mythology Project by Mia Mitchell

PERIODS OF ANCIENT EGYPT

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 16:40:27 UTC

The Ancient Egypt timeline can be separated into several periods.
1) Late Pre-dynastic (3100 BCE - 2950 BCE)
2) Early Dynastic Period (2950 BCE - 2575 BCE)
3) Old Kingdom (2575 BCE -2150 BCE)
4) First Intermediate Period (2150 BCE - 1975 BCE)
5) Middle Kingdom (1975 BCE- 1640 BCE)
6) Second Intermediate Period (1640 BCE - 1520 BCE)
7) New Kingdom (1520 BCE - 1075 BCE)
8) Third Intermediate Period (1075 BCE - 715 BCE)
9) Late Period (715 BCE - 332 BCE)

The Journey in the Afterworld (Video)

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 16:51:25 UTC

In regards to the soul, it was broken up in three parts: Ka (spark of life), Ba (representation of a person's heart), and Akh.
Guided by Anubis, the soul would go to the underworld to the Hall of Truth.
- There, the heart would be judged by Osiris will a single feather from Ma'at.
If it passed this stage, then the soul would be judged by 42 gods.
- If they passed this stage, then the soul may enter paradise, the Field of Reeds.
More information about this is included in this video.

Mummification Process (Picture)

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 16:58:49 UTC

The mummification process took 70 days as they had to carefully prepare the body and soul for its journey in the afterlife.
They removed all the moisture from the body utilizing natron packets.
Then, they removed the parts of the body, like organs, that decayed easily.
Lastly, they wrapped each body in hundreds of yards of linen.
They purified the body even further with the "Opening of the Mouth" ceremony where they revived the senses, so they may be used in the afterlife.

Osiris (Picture)

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 17:02:45 UTC

Osiris is the God of the Underworld and Judge of the Dead.
He is also brother and husband to Isis.
He is the first born of Geb (Earth God) and Nut (Sky God).
Osiris was murdered by his brother, Set, but came back to life.
- This story of how Osiris was murdered symbolizes how ingratitude and envy was a gateway sin to all other sins in Egyptian culture and religion.
- His rebirth is associated with the Nile River.

"The Tale of Two Brothers" (Text)

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 17:08:32 UTC

"After many days following this, His Majesty, l.p.h., made him crown prince of the entire land. and after many days following this, when he had completed many [years] as crown prince in entire land, His Majesty, l.p.h., flew up to the sky. Then the (new) king said: Have my great officials of His Majesty, l.p.h., brought to me that I may inform them regarding every situation / that I have been involved in. His wife [was] brought to him, and he was judged with her in their presence. A consensus was reached among them. His elder brother was brought to him, and he appointed him crown prince in the entire land. he thirty years as King of Egypt. he departed from life, and his elder brother acceded to his throne on the day of death."

This excerpt demonstrates the happy conclusion of the myth called "The Tale of the Two Brothers".
In summary, this story is about two brothers, Bata and Anpu. Anpu's wife claims that Bata tried to seduce and attack her when she rejected him, so Anpu sets out to kill his brother. However, they reconcile their differences and Anpu goes and saves Bata after he dies.
After Anpu restores his brother's life through magical ressurection, then, they trick the wife and impregnate her with a child who becomes the Crown Prince.
That Crown Price, the resurrected Bata, eventually becomes the Pharaoh, and appoints his brother, Anpu, to be Crown Prince.

Ra (Picture)

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 17:09:01 UTC

Ra was the Sun god and considered by the Egyptians in some cults to be the creator of everything.
- Later, Ra merged with Atum to become Atum-Ra.
Ra created himself from primordial chaos.
Additionally, Egyptians believed that Ra sailed across the heavens during the day on his boat, acting as the sun that moves across the sky.

"The Book of Gates"

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 17:10:37 UTC

"THE boat of Ra, having passed between the two halves of the horizon of the West, now approaches a gateway, the door of which is closed before him; the door of the second division of the Tuat is different from the doors of the other divisions, for it consists of a single leaf which turns upon a pivot working in holes in the top and bottom of the framework of the door. This door is guarded by a serpent called
SAA-SET, which stands upon its tail."

This excerpt is from the Book of Gates, specifically from the section called "The Gate of SAA-SET" and "The Second Division of the Tuat".
This text is a funerary text from the New Kingdom which describes the soul's journey through the underworld through different series of gates.
At each gate, there is a god, goddess, or monster associated with it that they much pass through to go on to the next gate.

The Creation Story

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 17:15:24 UTC

There are many different creation stories in Egyptian mythology, but this is the main one:
- Atum created himself out of the Chaos. He had an eye that could roam the universe.
- He created his son, Shu, and daughter, Tefnut, with his shadow.
- The son and daughter created order called Ma'at, a feather which was light and pure.
- Shu and Tefnut created Geb, the Earth, and Nut, the Sky. Additionally, they produced other gods that affected the order of the world.
- Shu and Tefnut got lost, so Atum sent his eye to go find them. Once he found them, he shed "happy" tears which became the first men on Earth.

Egyptian Beliefs about the Pyramids

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 17:16:08 UTC

The pyramids were built for burial monuments.
The pyramids contained a main burial chamber. With the use of a narrow shaft, they pointed directly at the center part of the sky.
Therefore, these pyramids were designed to launch the deceased pharaoh's soul to the gods.

Egyptian Polytheistic Religion

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 17:16:38 UTC

There were over 2,000 known names of gods in Ancient Egypt, demonstrating that their religion was a polytheistic one.
Some well-known ones include:Isis, Osiris, Horus, Amun, Ra, Hathor, Bastet, Thoth, Anubis, and Ptah.
Additionally, they considered their pharaohs, the monarchs in ancient Egypt, gods.

mitchell_mia01 — 2019-03-13 21:49:37 UTC