Name : Saidah Roqiah binti Said Jamsher Khan

Race : Pakistan (Pashtun)

From : Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia

Contact number : 010-900 8087

Usrah group : 67

Course : BEN (Foundation in English)

Motto : "Be kind, for whenever kindness become part of something, it beautifies it. Whenever it is taken from something, it leaves it tarnished" - Prophet Muhammad ♡♡♡

1) Adab In learning knowledge

• Greet the lecturer with Salam.

• Enter class with Salam.

• Shake hands with the lecturer after class has finished & say thank you.

• Respect your lecturer.

• Listen the lecture with full focus.

• Maintain a low and respectful tone while talking to your lecturer.

• Wear appropriate clothes to class (to show your effort to come to class and that you actually want to be there).

• Pay attention to the lecture and make sure your body and face is facing the lecturer.

• Don't play your phone during the lecture.

• "Adab comes first before 'Ilm (knowledge)".

• Learn with sincere hearts.

  
  

  
  

  2) Al-Qur'an as the Book of Guidance

  ~ Explanation : Al-Qur'an serve as a guidance for every mankind because Allah has given us the complete way of life in it including every aspect in a human's life:

• Spiritual guidance

• Moral & ethical framework

• Social conduct

• Economic system

• Legal and judicial system

• Personal development

• Environmental Ethics

~ What makes Al-Qur'an different than any other books before it and a book of guidance?

• Originates from Allah and haven't been changed since (kalamullah).

• Directly revealed directly by Allah to the messenger (SAW) through Jibril.

• Allah has promised to preserve Al-Qur'an till the day of resurrection.

• It is given by Allah through the prophet Muhammad (SAW) for every mankind, no matter who they're as long as they're a human.

• Covers everything including Aqidah (The oneness of God), ibadah and syari'ah.

3) The best ways to learn from Al-Qur'an

• Read tafseer from credible sources (ask for guidance from.

• knowledgeable scholars if not clear and to enhance understanding).

• make it a part of our daily routine such reading surah Al-Mulk every night.

• make it a daily habit to read Quran with its translations.

Personal reflection :

• Learning this topic helps me a lot in avoiding to accidentally hurts the feelings of my teacher without knowing and how to behave like a respectful student. It helps me to improve myself and gain more in my lessons from the barakah of it.

• I also got to learn and understand more about the quran and how to fully utilise it in my life

• Hadith Jibril

Umar ibn al-Khattab reported: We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, one day, a man appeared with very white clothes and very black hair. There were no signs of travel on him and we did not recognize him. He sat in front of the Prophet, rested his knees by his knees, and placed his hands on his thighs. The man said, “O Muhammad, tell me about Islam.” The Prophet said, “Islam is to testify there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish prayer, to give charity, to fast the month of Ramadan, and to perform pilgrimage to the House if a way is possible.” The man said, “You have spoken truthfully.” We were surprised that he asked him and said he was truthful. He said, “Tell me about faith.” The Prophet said, “Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in providence, its good and its harm.” The man said, “You have spoken truthfully. Tell me about excellence.” The Prophet said, “Excellence is to worship Allah as if you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He surely sees you.” The man said, “Tell me about the final hour.” The Prophet said, “The one asked does not know more than the one asking.” The man said, “Tell me about its signs.” The Prophet said, “The slave-girl will give birth to her mistress, and you will see barefoot, naked, and dependent shepherds compete in the construction of tall buildings.” Then, the man returned, and I remained. The Prophet said to me, “O Umar, do you know who he was?” I said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” The Prophet said, “Verily, he was Gabriel who came to teach you your religion.”

Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 8

~ Hikmah from the Hadith above:

• Jibril's demeanour with Rasulullah (SAW) shows the Adab in seeking knowledge such as sitting near the source of knowledge (lecturer/Rasulullah), paying attention to what is being said, shows your interest in learning, and bond with your lecturer through learning.

• Pillars of Islam:

  1) Declaration of faith (Shahadah)

  ~ The biggest pillar (without it the building of the religion in our heart is ruined)

  
  

  2) Salat (prayer)

  ~ The first question to be asked on the Day of Hisab

  ~ If you missed some prayers, you need to perform Qada' (Don't let bygone be bygone)

  ~ if you face hardships to wake up for Subh prayer, ask Allah to help you. For instance, "Ya Allah, please wake me up for Subh, I want to pray"

  
  

  3) Zakat (charity)

  ~ A way to cleanse our wealth

  ~ Teaches us to be grateful

  ~ Cleanses our heart from greed and becoming a materialistic person

  
  

  4) Sawm (fasting)

  ~ O believers! Fasting is prescribed for you—as it was for those before you¹—so perhaps you will become mindful ˹of Allah˺. (2:183)

  
  

  5) Hajj (pilgrimage)

  ~ Not an obligation for Muslims

  ~ If one of your family has passed away and haven't done Hajj, you or any of your family members can perform Badal Hajj for the person.

Personal reflection:

• Learning the hadith of Jibril teaches me how to pay attention in class and I also gain more knowledge about the qiyamah and ihsan as well as to see the closeness of Jibril to the prophet Muhammad S.A.W and how Allah uses various ways to teaches us.

• Learning about the pillars of islam remind me about my obligations as a muslim and how I should take care of these obligations as a muslim.

1) Belief in Allah:

• Islam practices Tauhid (The oneness of Allah). There are three types of tauhid:

  1) Tauhid Rububiyyah

  ~ Worship Allah alone with the believe that Allah is the Only Creator of everything, The Planner and The Sustainer of everything.

  
  

  2) Tauhid Uluhiyyah

  ~ Worship Allah alone without associating Him with any partners and equals (Focuses on the Oneness of God).

  ~ The people of Jahiliyyah worships Allah but doesn't practice Tauhid Uluhiyyah by associating Him with other deities and seeking help from other than Him.

  
  

  3) Tauhid Asma' wa Sifat

  ~ Worship Allah alone and believe in all of His names and Attributes which only belong to Him. For instance, The 99 names of Allah.

  ~ Ar-Rahman (The most compassionate) = An Allah's attribute which refers to Allah's infinite mercy and compassion towards all of His creation.

  ~ Ar-Raheem (The most merciful) = a little different from Ar-Rahman. Ar-Raheem refers to Allah's special mercy which is reserved only for the believers.

2) Belief in Mala'ikah (the Angels):

• whenever we are, there are angles with us, writing and documenting everything that we do.

  "As the two recording-angels—˹one˺ sitting to the right, and ˹the other to˺ the left—note ˹everything˺, {17} Man does not utter any word except that with him is an observer prepared [to record]. {18}"

  (Surah Qaf, 50: 17-18)

• Each angles have their own tasks assigned by Allah.

• Angles were created from light.

• Angles never disobey Allah and His orders.

  "They¹ fear their Lord above them, and do whatever they are commanded" (16:50).

  ~ For instance, in the story of Adam and Eve where the angles and Iblis were ordered by Allah to bow to Adam, Iblis refused out of pride while all the angles obeyed.

  " And ˹remember˺ when We said to the angels, “Prostrate before Adam,” so they all did—but not Iblîs,¹ who was one of the jinn, but he rebelled against the command of his Lord. Would you then take him and his descendants as patrons instead of Me, although they are your enemy? What an evil alternative for the wrongdoers ˹to choose˺!" (18:50)

  
  

3) Belief in Kutub (the Books)

• Belief that all the books were revealed from Allah S.W.T but Al-Qur'an is the only book which is preversed:

  1) Kitab Taurat - Musa A.S.

  2) Kitab Injil - Isa A.S.

  3) Kitab Zabur - Daud A.S.

  4) Kitab Al-Qur'an - Muhammad S.A.W.

• We weren't managed to live at the time of Rasulullah S.A.W. but we have the complete Al-Qur'an as our guidance which is one of our prophet's S.A.W. biggest Mu'jizat.

Personal reflection:

• Learning different kinds of tauhid enhaces my understanding of the oneness of Allah and helped me to realise where I was lacking my faith. Learning about the 3 first pillars of iman also helped me to remember and take great care of them to remain firm in my faith.

4) Belief in Rusul and Anbiya' (the Messengers and the Prophets):

• Rasul and Anbiya' are the most tested people on earth.

~ Why? they are the people of Soleh (pious) and loved by Allah.

For example: 1) Ibrahim A.S. = Thrown inside a pit of fire & his father is a believer and an idols maker.

2) Musa A.S. = Being called a witch and have to face against Fir'aun.

3) Adam A.S. = Being thrown away from Jannah.

• Each of them has Mu'jizat special for them and the state of their ummah.

  For example: Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.

  1) Al-Qur'an - We never saw or met Rasulullah S.A.W. but we believed in Him from the Qur'an.

• 2) Isra' Miraj (5 daily prayers)

  ~ got to meet Prophet Ibrahim A.S. on his journey and Prophet Ibrahim A.S. said to our prophet S.A.W. to send his Salam (greetings) to us and he A.S. even described Jannah for us.

• Salawat Ibrahimiyyah = The most perfect salawat

• The prayer of Taubah from the Prophet Adam = One of the best ways to ask for forgiveness

• Istigfar = ease every hardship and life matters

• As long as you believe in the prophets of Allah, you're in the right part.

5) Belief in Qiyāmah (the Resurrection Day)

• Most of the people of Jahiliyyah and the one before them didn't believe in the day of Judgement.

  ~ Why? Because they just use their own logic. Their logics were a decayed human body would decay after death and reduced to nothing, so how will Allah revive it again and return it back to its original state? But Allah is All-able and All-powerful. Reviving His creations are nothing to Him.

6)Belief in Qadā & Qadr

• Every of Allah's creation has its own whole life destiny which has been set by Allah Himself.

• Taqdir Mubram = Allah's decree which has been set for a creation or person and is unchangeable no matter what happen.

• Taqdir Muallaq = Allah's decree which has been set for a creation or person and can be changed based on the prayers or various kinds of effort.

• Prayer/Dua is one of the ways to change your own Qadr.

• When you don't ask and pray to Allah, it means you're too proud or arrogant to ask from Him. Prayer/Dua is one of our akhlak to Allah and it helps to remind us of our reliance to Him.

  
  

Personal reflection:

• Learning more about the pillars of faith helped me to improve which part of faith in Allah I was lacking and reminded me to focus on my faith more.

• Meaning: Ihsan refers to "excellence" or "perfection"

• The highest level of faith & worship

• "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then (know that) He certainly sees you." (Sahih Muslim)

  1) Verified Faith (Iman Al-Tahqiqi)

  ~ Worship Allah alone without any partner, feeling His presence and the fact that Allah is always watching.

  2) Ikhlas

  ~ pure intention = do everything only to gain the pleasures of Allah/pleasing Allah.

  3) Following the Sunnah

  ~ even in everyday actions and habits like eating, drinking and sleeping.

  4) Solat

  ~ “Solat is the mi’raj of a believer” (Hadith)

2)Eschatology

• the studies of the end times (Day of Judgement)

• Signs of Qiyamah: No one knows when the Day of Judgement is going to happen, but we can look for the signs from the Qur'an and Sunnah and how to prepare ourselves for it so we'll be able to make complete preparations before it happen.

  1) Minor signs of Qiyamah:

  ~ Women will outnumber men

  ~ More earthquakes

  ~ Good deeds will decrease

  ~ Female singers and musical instruments will become popular

  ~ People will believe in astrology

  ~ Time will pass rapidly (no blessings in time)

  2) Big signs of Qiyamah:

  ~ Ad-Dukhan

  ~ The rise of Dajjal

  ~ The return of the Prophet Isa A.S.

  ~ The release of Ya'juj & Ma'juj

  ~ Ad-Dabbah= the beast that will appear near the time of Qiyamah

  ~ The sun rises from the west

Personal reflection:

• Learning about ihsan teaches me to focus more on perfecting my ibadah and characters as a muslim and strive to achieve excellence in worshipping Allah in various aspects of my life.

• Also, learning about eschatology helped to remind me about the hereafter and how islam is the truth by seeing so many of the minor signs of qiyamah happening before my eyes.

1) Adab towards parents

• Treat parents with respect

• dont even say "uff" to them

• never raises your voice to them

• obey them as long as their orders are not against the rules of Islam

• Make dua for them

• Call them with loving nicknames

• We can see from the story of the prophet Ibrahim A.S. where he would still respect his father even though his father is a non-believer and the maker of idols. Ibrahim A.S. also never insult his father and reminds his father about the punishment of Allahand even made dua for him. But as a muslim, we are not allowed to make dua for kafeers.

  
  

2) Adab towards neighbour:

• Treat your neighbours well

  ~ Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,

  "Jibril kept on recommending that I treat my neighbours well until I thought that he would order

  me to treat them as my heirs.“

• Give them gifts

~ A'isha said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, I have two neighbours. To whom should

I give my gifts?' He replied, 'To the one whose door is nearer to you.’”

3) Adab as a student

• Greet the lecturer with Salam.

• Enter class with Salam.

• Shake hands with the lecturer after class has finished & say thank you.

• Respect your lecturer.

• Listen the lecture with full focus.

• Maintain a low and respectful tone while talking to your lecturer.

• Wear appropriate clothes to class (to show your effort to come to class and that you actually want to be there).

• Pay attention to the lecture and make sure your body and face is facing the lecturer.

• Don't play your phone during the lecture.

• "Adab comes first before 'Ilm (knowledge)".

• Learn with sincere hearts.

Personal reflection:

• Learning about various ways to practice Adab towards different people helped me to always keep my character in check and gain more empathy in the process.

1. Saidah Roqiah (247893)

2. Siti Nurshazwani Humairah binti Mohd Shofian (248182)

3. ⁠Damia Qasriena (241442)

4. ⁠Nurin Aina binti Azril Anuar (247088)

5. ⁠Najihah Binti Rozaimi (244241)

Our roles in the roleplay:

1) Saidah

• editor

• present two ways to practice ihsan

2) nurin aina

• editor

• present one way of ihsan aspects

3) qas

• editor

• present one way to practice ihsan

4) najihah

• editor

• present one aspect of ihsan

5) humairah

• editor

• present one aspect of ihsan

1. Salah (prayer)

   Surah al-'Ankabut (29:45)

   "Recite what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed, prayer restrains from immorality and wrongdoing..."

   Prophet example: Prophet Ibrahim (AS)

   • Allah commanded him to leave his beloved wife Hajar and their newborn son Ismail in the middle of a vast, lifeless desert with no food resources

     And his response was?: He walks away from his wife and his children and prays to Allah, “My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and [many] from my descendants. Our Lord, accept my supplication.” (14:40)

   • Even when in an extreme situation, he didn't ask Allah for health, nor safety, but for the ability to establish prayer and show his willingness to obey Allah's command, no matter how confusing and hard it is (tawakkal & redha)

     
     

2. Sawm (fasting)

   Sūrah al-Baqarah (2:183)

   “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may attain taqwā.”

   
   

   Prophet example: Prophet Musa (AS)

   • Fasted for 40 days alone on Mount Sinai with no food and distractions before receiving the revelation of the Tawrah through the commands of Allah.

   • He fasted as a way to purify himself and humble himself before Allah.

   • This proves sawm to be more than starving yourself to hunger, which is a way to cleanse your heart and prepare yourself for Allah

     
     

3. Zakah

   Sūrah al-Tawbah (9:103)

   "Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase..."

   
   

   Prophet example: Prophet Shuʿayb (AS)

   • The prophet of the people of Madyan, who were known for their wealth and using it unacceptably [cheating in weights and measures, exploiting the poor]

   • Mocked by his people (the people of Madyan) for caling them to use their wealth for Allah and justice.

     “Give full measure and weight, and do not deprive people of their due. And do not spread corruption in the land...” (26:181-183)

   • In the end, the people of Madyan were destroyed for their arrogance

   • This shows how Zakah isn't only about giving out your money, but also as a way to cleanse your heart from greed.

     
     

1. Hajj (pilgrimage)

   Sūrah al-Baqarah (2:197)

   “…Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor argument in the Hajj…”

   
   

   Prophet example: Prophet Ibrāhīm (AS)

   • Allah ordered him and his son (Ismail) to build the Ka'abah and call people to perform Hajj to it in the middle of an empty desert, and they still obey Allah even when they have no idea about the reason behind it. “O people! Perform Ḥajj to this House!” he said in the middle of the empty desert.

   • Until today, millions answer that call every year from all over the world.

   • From this, we learn that Hajj teaches us to obey Allah's command, even when it makes no sense, and teaches us to trust His decisions and commands.

     
     

     Personal reflection:

   • The stories of the prophets in the Qur'an have so much wisdom and lessons for us to learn

   • There are more purposes for the acts of worship than just simply being a way of "worshipping" Allah. It teaches us that prayer is our way to show our dependence on Allah, fasting cleanses our soul, zakah cleanses our heart, and that hajj is the manifestation of our tawakkul to Allah.

     
     

Surah Ar-Rum (30:21):

وَمِنْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦٓ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَٰجًۭا لِّتَسْكُنُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةًۭ وَرَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍۢ لِّقَوْمٍۢ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ٢١

"And one of His signs is that He created for you spouses from among yourselves so that you may find comfort in them. And He has placed between you compassion and mercy. Surely in this are signs for people who reflect." (30:21)

Importants qualities that should be manifested in love and marriage:

1. Sakinah (Tranquility)

   • love should be calming and brings comfort to your heart

2. Mawaddah (Deep affection)

   • sincere

   • committed

   • respect

   • loyalty

   • good intentions

     
     

3. Rahmah (Mercy)

   • Patience with a partner

   • Forgive and overlook mistakes

   • gentleness in action and words

Myth vs truth:

Myth 1: "Follow your heart, it knows what's best."

• The Prophet Muhammad taught us to seek guidance from Allah and not our hearts only, as the heart can be deceived by our own emotions and desires.

• For example, by performing istikharah prayer

• ''Have you seen the one who takes his own desire as his God?" (45:23)

Myth 2: "Halal relationships are boring and forced."

• Islam teaches us that halal relationships are full of blessings and long-term peace.

• Haram relationships bring Allah's displeasure and take away the blessings in the relationship.

• For example: The love between the Prophet and Khadijah RA

• Possible future problems that can manifest from haram relationships:

  a) Delayed marriage & pressure

  b) Losing ourselves to love

  c) Heartbreak, rejection and emotional trauma

  
  

  Debate sessions:

• Argument: "Young adults (like us) should wait until financially stable before thinking about love or marriage."

  a) group YES: Islam values responsibility, and rushing leads to hardships

  b) group NO: The Prophet encouraged early marriage to avoid fitrah

  Winner: group YES

  
  

• Argument: "Arranged marriage is more successful than love marriage."

  a) group YES: It's more practical, family oriented and less about unstable feelings

  b) group NO: Love marriage brings better understanding and compatibility

  Winner: a draw (no winner)

  
  

• Argument: "Can you love someone before marriage and still stay within halal boundaries?"

  a) group YES: Love is natural, as long as there's no haram interaction

  b) group NO: Even emotional attachment can lead to haram actions

  Winner: group YES

• Argument: "True love only comes after marriage."

  a) group YES: Islam promotes growing love through mercy and commitment

  b) group NO: People fall in love first, then marry. It's just how feelings work

  Winner: group NO

Personal reflection:

• Islam never forbids love as it's part of our fitrah, but it always needs to be within boundaries that Allah has set for us.

• Islam encourages us to marry, but also look at the logical aspects of it, like are you financially ready?, can you give nafkah to your wife consistently if you marry her right now?, rather than just looking at it from the aspect of your feelings.

• Allah has prescribed the best rules for us in this matter, and it's best for us to trust Him and follow His commandments in this matter, as He knows what's best for us.

1. Beauty in Allah's creation

Surah At-Tin (95:4)

لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ فِىٓ أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍۢ ٤

"Indeed, We created humans in the best form."

• The creations of Allah, including the stars to the human soul, are a reflection of His perfection.

• In the creation of humans, there are:

  
  

  a) Physical beauty: upright, well-balanced body (intellect, speech, and expressions), and there's no other creation that walks, talks, and reasons with free will like a human.

  
  

  b) Spiritual & moral potential: Humans are bodies with souls with fitrah. They have intellect and free will to choose between good and evil, which makes them higher than angels, who don't have free will, if they obey Allah.

  
  

  c) Complete creation: "Taqwim" in the ayah means well-structured, balanced, and refined.

  This include balance between:

  • body and soul

  • intellect and emotion

  • dunya and akhirah

    
    

2. Physical beauty and modesty in Islam

   a) Caring for appearance

   • cleanliness

   • grooming

   • dressing modestly

   • pleasant smells

   • Clean clothes

     
     

   b) Modesty is protection, Not Oppression

   • hijabs and modesty don't hide beauty; instead protect its dignity

   • Applies to both men and women

   • lowering of the gaze

   • speaking respectfully

   • avoid arrogance

     
     

   c) No excessive pride

   • avoid showing off (humility)

     
     

3. d) Modesty and its reward:

   • Narrated by ‘Ata’ bin Abi Rabah, he said:

     Ibn Abbas (RA) said to me: “Shall I show you a woman from the people of Paradise?”

     I said, “Yes.”

     He said: “This black woman came to the Prophet ﷺ and said:

     ‘O Messenger of Allah, I have epilepsy, and I expose myself (unintentionally) during seizures, so make du’a to Allah for me.’

     The Prophet ﷺ replied:

     ‘If you are patient, you will have Paradise. But if you wish, I will pray to Allah to cure you.’

     She said: ‘I will be patient, but please make du’a that I do not expose myself during the seizure.’

     So the Prophet ﷺ made du’a for her.”

     
     

4. Beauty in Worship and Daily life

a) Ihsan (excellency): Allah loves beauty

• beautify your prayer

• beautify your speech

• beautify your manners

  
  

b) Beautifying Salah (Prayer)

• slow recitation

• reflect on the meaning of the recitation

• take time in sujood and other praying positions

  
  

c) Your Environment (home, masjid, and community)

• Keep it beautiful (clean, neat, organised, smells nice)

• Beautiful actions (love and unity)

Personal reflections:

• Allah is beautiful, and it's best for us to beautify every aspect of our life to please Him (worship, self-care, behaviour)

• We can see the beauty through Allah from his creations even when we have no power to see the absolute perfect, real form of Allah.

Group 1:

• Members:

  1) Fatin (241757)

  2) Nur Fatimah Zahra' binti Muhammad Mahyudin (245307)

  3) Nuriesy Rizqin binti Rizwadi (247079)

  4) Anis Zarifah binti Abd Hamed (241114)

  5) Nur Damia binti Erwan (245163)

  6) Nur Adnin binti Zul (244555)

  7) Saidah Roqiah (247893)

  8) Izzatul Fatanah (247526)

My contributions to the teamwork:

• editor of the poster (visuals, text, and elements)

• added elements of visual

• researched for presentation contents (all)

1. Salah (Prayer)

   a) Conditions that make prayer obligatory:

   • Muslim

   • Having a sound mind (not crazy)

   • Have reached puberty

     
     

   b) Conditions for the validity of prayer:

   
   

   • Free from major and minor hadas (impurity)

   • Body, clothing, and place of prayer must be free from impurities (najis)

   • Covering the aurah

   • Certainty of the prayer time

   • Facing the Qiblah with certainty

   • Knowing how to perform the prayer

   • Avoiding actions that invalidate the prayer

     
     

   c) Pillars of prayer:

   • Intention (niyyah)

   • Standing (if able) for obligatory prayer

   • Takbiratul ihram

   • Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah

   • Bowing (ruku’)

   • Standing after ruku’ (i’tidal)

   • Prostrating twice in each rakaat

   • Sitting between the two prostrations

   • Sitting for the final tashahhud

   • Reciting the final tashahhud

   • Sending blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) after the final tashahhud

   • Giving the first salam

   • Performing all pillars in the correct order

   
   

   d) Acts that invalidate prayer:

   • Speaking

   • Excessive movements

   • Presence of impurity (najis) on the body or clothing

   • Not covering the aurah

   • Eating or drinking

   • Losing wudu (ablution) before the first salam

   • Changing the intention

   • Turning away from the Qiblah

   
   

   e) Sunnah Ab'adh and Hai'ah:

   • if you accidentally or intentionally left the act in prayer, it is recommended to perform sujud sahwi at the end of the prayer or after it.

   • This sunnah includes 7 actions

   • First tashahhud (recitation during the sitting after the second rakaat of Zuhr, Asr, and Isha)

   • Sending blessings upon the Prophet in the first tashahhud

   • Sitting for the first tashahhud

   • Sending blessings upon the Prophet’s family in the final tashahhud

   • Reciting Qunut in the second rakaat of Subuh prayer

   • Sending blessings upon the Prophet and his family in Qunut

   • Standing while performing the Qunut

     
     

   g) Makruh acts in prayer:

   • Turning the head without a valid reason

   • Looking upwards

   • Praying near delicious food

   • Praying while needing to go to the toilet

   • Praying while extremely sleepy

   
   

2. Wudhu' (Ablution)

   a) Pillars of Wudhu'

   • Intention (niyyah)

   • Washing the face

   • Washing both arms up to the elbows

   • Wiping over three strands of hair, a patch, part of the head, or the entire head

   • Washing both feet up to the ankles

   • tartib

   
   

   b) Conditions for the validity of wudhu'

   • Muslim

   • mumayyiz

   • Free from menstruation and nifas

   • Using mutlaq water (pure)

   • Nothing must prevent water from reaching the parts of the body that must be washed during wudhu

   • The water must not have changed in its nature due to foreign substances sticking to the body parts being washed

   
   

   c) Acts that invalidate wudhu'

   • Anything that exits from the front or back private parts (qubul & dubur)

   • changing positions in sleep

   • Loss of sanity

   • Touching one’s wife or another woman

   • Touching the human private parts with the palm of the hand

     
     

   d) Number of Times to Wash or Wipe During Wudhu':

   • 1 time – Obligatory

   • 2 times – Sunnah

   • 3 times – Sunnah

   • More than 3 times – makruh

     
     

   e) Sunnah Acts in Wudu

   • Saying “Bismillah”

   • Washing the hands (before starting wudu)

   • Rinsing the mouth and inhaling water into the nose

   • Running water through a thick beard

   • Wiping the entire head

   • Extending the washing beyond the required areas

   • Wiping both ears

   • Continuously performing the steps without long breaks (muwalah)

   • Using water sparingly (no wasting water)

   • Reciting a supplication (du’a) after wudhu'

     
     

3. Tayammum

   a) Reason: Unable to use water due to:

   • Physical obstacles (no water available within a reachable distance, or there is water but a threat (like an enemy or dangerous animal) is present in the area)

   • Shari'ah-based obstacle: such as fear of falling ill, illness worsening or delaying the healing process

     
     

   b) Pillars of Tayammum

   • Intention (niyyah)

   • Wiping the face and both hands using two strikes on clean earth/dust

   • tartib

   
   

4. Khushu'

   a) Things that hinder Khushu'

   • Doubtful thoughts (waswas)

   • The heart/mind being distracted with things one loves or desires, or things one dislikes

     
     

   b) Ways to attain khushu'

   • Make preparations before prayer

   • Pray on time

   • Clean yourself and use the miswak

   • Do not pray when food is served

   • Avoid praying while needing to relieve yourself

   • Wear clean clothing

   • Avoid overeating or drinking too much before prayer

   • Pray in a place free from distractions

   • Perform wudhu' properly

   • Don’t waste water

   • Understand and reflect on the meanings of prayer recitations

   • Learn the rulings of prayer (fiqh) thoroughly

   • Increase the performance of Sunnah acts in prayer

   • Pray to Allah for khushu’

   • Minimize unnecessary movements

   • Do not think of worldly matters

   • Look at the place of prostration

   • Pray calmly (avoid fidgeting or moving too much)

Personal reflection:

• Khushu' can be attained by gaining knowledge and understanding prayer not just in its action, but in its essence.

• Khushu' requires a lot of effort, but it's all worth it in the end, as there is no waste in the efforts, and you'll be one of the closest and most loved slaves of Allah as you strive to perform the Salah with Ihsan (excellency).

  
  

• Woman also plays a huge role in our religion, not just men and these women discussed played a very significant part in Islam.

• This proves how Allah didn't favor one gender over another, since both genders had played a huge role in the religion

• This also proves how Allah loves anyone who commits themselves to Him, whether they are male or female, and raises them in ranks.