Drug Research Project by Bryson Clark

Drug Research Project by Bryson Clark https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g Information about Marijuana en-us 2018-03-19 17:28:27 UTC 2025-03-31 14:40:30 UTC hello@padlet.com Slang Names clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243658968 A-bomb, Acapulco, Ace, Aunt Mary, Bhang, Blanche, Blunt, Boom, Charas, Chronic, Dagga, Dope, Fry, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Herb, Joint, Kef, Mary Jane, Nickel, Oil, Old man, Pot, Reefer, Sensi, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, Splif, Tar, Thai sticks, Weed

"Alternative Drug Names." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 1, UXL, 2006, pp. ix-xxiii. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100006/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=11a0632b. Accessed 19 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 17:43:31 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243658968 Scientific Name clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243663427 The plant in which Marijuana is made from is technically called Cannabis Sativa and is a member of the Cannabaceae family and the Urticales (nettle) order. Marijuana may also be considered to come from another plant called Cannabis Indica, but they are so closely related that they are often considered the same species.

Strumolo, Amy Loerch. "Marijuana." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 264-273. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000128/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=f973eb13. Accessed 19 Mar. 2018.

"Marijuana." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 4, UXL, 2006, pp. 491-514. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100076/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=6b8007ef. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 17:50:08 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243663427 What does it look like? clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243669874 Marijuana comes from a green, leafed plant called Cannabis Sativa. Naturally, this plant can have stems that grow up to 20 feet tall and the flowering tops, leaves, and stems of the plant are used as a drug. In the drug form, it is often smoked with pipes or rolled up cigarette paper. Bongs and water pipes can also be used to smoke Marijuana. Additionally, Marijuana can also be put into foods such as brownies.

"Marijuana (Cannabis)." Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, edited by Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 4-10. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699700274/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=d6a8ca4c. Accessed 20 Mar. 2018.

Strumolo, Amy Loerch. "Marijuana." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 264-273. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000128/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=f973eb13. Accessed 20 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 17:59:02 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243669874 What is it? clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670004 Marijuana is a product of the Indian Hemp plant. The most common form that it is taken as a drug is through rolling it up similar to a cigarette. According to the U.S. government, Marijuana is a hallucinogen. However, it is also described as a psychogenic and a narcotic (even though it does not contain opium). Additionally, medicinal properties of Marijuana are debated constantly, but it still classifies as a drug and is the most abused (illegal) drug in the world.

Strumolo, Amy Loerch. "Marijuana." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 264-273. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000128/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=f973eb13. Accessed 20 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 17:59:13 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670004 How is it taken? clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670035 Although the raw plant can be consumed and possibly get the user "high", it is much more common to heat up the substance and smoke it since it cannot be injected and smoking it creates the most powerful "high" effect. Marijuana can also be taken via Water pipes or Bongs since the smoke is cooled and less Marijuana is lost through the process. Another way that Marijuana gets into the body is through other foods. Marijuana can be baked into foods such as brownies with the "high" effect being delayed, but lasting longer.

"Marijuana." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 4, UXL, 2006, pp. 491-514. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100076/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=6b8007ef. Accessed 19 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 17:59:16 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670035 Desired Effects clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670233 Marijuana users may vary from person to person, its effects shortly after use are quite clear and may suggest why it is desirable. Effects include feeling "high" or euphoric (such as silliness, laughter, and talkativeness), having a distorted sense of time, sight, and hearing. At higher doses, one may experience delusions and hallucinations which may be desirable because of an "enlightened" feeling.

"Marijuana (Cannabis)." Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, edited by Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 4-10. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699700274/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=d6a8ca4c. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 17:59:31 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670233 Harmful Effects clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670350

Development of the human brain/body is especially harmed when Marijuana is used at young ages. High occurrences of Cannabis use are often associated with poor academic performance and dropping out of school. There also seems to be a dependence that can develop which may also contribute to the psycho-social effects listed above.

Some findings note that using Cannabis for an extended period of time can impair memory, attention, and verbal IQ in adult hood.

People who smoke large amounts of the substance are known to be more at risk respiratory problems/diseases such as chronic cough, wheezing, and pneumonia. Although, the relationship with cancer in the lung/bronchial area and Marijuana use is debated.

Marijuana use increases stress on the heart and can also increase the risk of chest pain, heart attacks, and strokes for people with cardiovascular disease.

The dependence on Marijuana is debated. However, approximately 9 percent of those who have used Marijuana at least once are classified as having a Cannabis dependence based on the diagnostic criteria. This is compared to a 15% dependence rate for cocaine, 24% for heroin, and 32% for tobacco cigarettes. Additionally, beginning to use Marijuana at a young age seems to increase the likelihood of developing a dependence.

]]> 2018-03-19 17:59:41 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670350 Positive Effects clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670483 Although the medical use of Marijuana is still debated, there are definitely cases and studies that have shown that Marijuana use can help nullify the negative effects of chemotherapy, nausea, AIDS, and those with decreased appetite. Additionally, Marijuana in various forms has been used for Millennia as a way of treating different kinds of pain.

"Marijuana (Cannabis)." Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, edited by Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 4-10. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699700274/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=d6a8ca4c. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 17:59:54 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670483 Legality clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670737 According to the U.S. government, Marijuana is listed as a Schedule I drug since 1970 meaning that it does not have a medical use and high abuse potential. However, the high teenage use of Marijuana in the 1960's and 70's refuted some of the older claims that made the drug seem worse than it actually is. Although claims of violence and addiction stemming from Marijuana are debated, not all information regarding the negative effects was untrue. Despite all this, Marijuana remains a Schedule I drug according to the U.S. government. On a state level, Marijuana had been allowed to be obtained by ill people in 10 states, but this was later overturned by the Supreme Court on June 6th, 2005 in which they ruled that Congress had the authority to prohibit the drug.

"Marijuana." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 4, UXL, 2006, pp. 491-514. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100076/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=6b8007ef. Accessed 19 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-19 18:00:14 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670737 Teenage Use clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670839 Teenage use of Marijuana is often considered to have began in the 1960's and 70's and this led to certain information regarding Marijuana use become invalid. Because of this, illegal drug experimentation has surely continued into the twenty first century. Among users, the age group most likely to have tried the drug is 18 to 25 year olds as of a 1999 "National Household Survey on Drug Abuse". A survey two years later called "Youth Rish Behavior Surveillance System survey" found that 23.9% of people between the ages 10 and 24 had used Marijuana one month before answering the survey. By 2004, 16.3% of eigth graders, 35.1% of tenth graders, and 45.7% of twelfth graders said that they had used Marijuana at least once according to the Monitoring the Future Study. More recently, in 2017, 14.5% of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders had used Marijuana in the past 30 days according to a survey done by Statista.

"Marijuana." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 4, UXL, 2006, pp. 491-514. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100076/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=6b8007ef. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018.

"30-day prevalence of use of marijuana/hashish for grades 8, 10 and 12 combined from 1991 to 2017." Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/209028/ us-30-day-prevelance-drug-use-grades-8-10-12-since-1991/#0. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018. ]]> 2018-03-19 18:00:22 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243670839 Timeline clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243682793

3000 BCE - Oldest known use of Cannabis in China. Most likely associated with medicinal, agricultural, industrial, religious, cultural, or political uses.

2000 to 1000 BCE - Known to be used in India and Assyria

Middle Ages (500 CE to 1500 CE) - Hemp is used as parts of clothing, rope and Cannabis is used as medicine for some form of pain.

1484 - Pope Innocent VIII claims that hashish (dried cannabis resin and compressed flowers) consumption is linked to Satanic Rituals

1533 - King Henry VIII commands English farmers to use part of their land to grow hemp.

1606 - First grown in Canada

1611 - First grown in the U.S. (Virginia)

George Washington (1732 to 1799) grows and uses Cannabis to relieve tooth aches.

1850 - 8,327 plantations in America grow Cannabis

Early 1900's - Marijuana in many forms could be found in various over-the-counter remedies.

1930's - Cannabis products are marketed in the U.S.

1937 - Federal Marijuana Tax Act is passed before all states ban the drug.

1941 - The drug is removed from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary.

1972 - The National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse suggests that Cannabis possession be decriminalized.

1999 - The Institute on Medicine releases a report regarding the potential for Marijuana use as a recreational drug and a medicine.

2008 - Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC for short (an ingredient in Cannabis) is labeled as a Schedule I drug.

"Marijuana (Cannabis)." Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, edited by Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 4-10. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699700274/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=d6a8ca4c. Accessed 19 Mar. 2018.

"Marijuana." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 4, UXL, 2006, pp. 491-514. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100076/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=6b8007ef. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.

]]> 2018-03-19 18:16:27 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/243682793 Works Cited clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245283985 “30-day prevalence of use of marijuana/hashish for grades 8, 10 and 12 combined from 1991 to 2017.” Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/209028/us-30-day-prevelance-drug-use-grades-8-10-12-since-1991/#0. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018.

“Alternative Drug Names.” UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 1, Detroit, UXL, 2006, pp. ix-xxiii. Gale Virtual Reference Library, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100006/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=11a0632b. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.

“Marijuana.” UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 4, Detroit, UXL, 2006, pp. 491-514. Gale Virtual Reference Library, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100076/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=6b8007ef. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.

“Marijuana (Cannabis).” Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, edited by Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Detroit, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 4-10. Gale Virtual Reference Library, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699700274/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=d6a8ca4c. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.

Strumolo, Amy Loerch. “Marijuana.” Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Detroit, Gale, 2003, pp. 264-73. Gale Virtual Reference Library, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000128/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=f973eb13. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-23 00:20:56 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245283985 Natural State clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245284455 2018-03-23 00:24:03 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245284455 Natural State clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245284714 2018-03-23 00:25:30 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245284714 Joint clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245284870 Marijuana rolled into Cigarette paper]]> 2018-03-23 00:26:31 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245284870 A variation of Medical Marijuana clark_bryson02 https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245285480 2018-03-23 00:30:33 UTC https://padlet.com/clark_bryson02/gregkfngel3g/wish/245285480