Unit 2 Discussion Board by Jennifer Riddick https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j Unit 2 Assignment en-us 2022-03-03 21:18:59 UTC 2022-03-07 06:19:19 UTC hello@padlet.com 1. Two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2076689948 Sympathetic Nervous System
  • "Fight or Flight"
  • Adrenergic System
  • Increases energy expenditure and inhibits digestion

Parasympathetic Nervous System
  • "Rest and Digest"
  • Cholinergic System
  • Functions in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system
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LeBouef T, Yaker Z, Whited L.  Physiology, Autonomic Nervous System. [Updated 2021 May 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2022. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538516/
]]> 2022-03-03 21:21:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2076689948 2. Neurotransmitters for each division jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2076701568 Sympathetic Nervous System
  • ACH - Acetylcholine - cholinergic
  • EPI - Epinephrine - adrenergic
  • NE - Norepinephrine - adrenergic
  • DA - Dopamine - precursor to NE

Parasympathetic Nervous System
  • ACH - Acetylcholine - cholinergic
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Peirson, Erica. "Acetylcholine: How and Why to Optimize the Synthesis of this Vital Neurotransmitter," Peirson Center for Children. 2018 Oct. 28. https://www.peirsoncenter.com/articles/acetylcholine-how-and-why-to-optimize-the-synthesis-of-this-vital-neurotransmitter. Accessed 2022 Mar. 04.
]]> 2022-03-03 21:32:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2076701568 3. Location where each NT is released jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2076706780 Sympathetic Nervous System
  • ACH: Preganglionic neurons 
  • NE: Postganglionic neurons, adrenal medulla
  • EPI: Adrenal medulla
  • DA: Hypothalamus

Parasympathetic Nervous System
  • ACH: Ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings
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Zydus Medical College & Hospital, "The Autonomic Nervous System." https://www.zmchdahod.org/pdf/college/Physiology25102018.pdf. Accessed 2022 Mar 04.


]]> 2022-03-03 21:37:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2076706780 4. Locations of receptors in each division jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080723611 Sympathetic Nervous System
  • Alpha 1: Glands, smooth muscle, eyes, arteries, veins, abdominal viscera
  • Alpha 2: Pancreas, membrane of adrenergic axon terminals
  • Beta 1: Heart, kidneys, adipose tissue
  • Beta 2: Smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, blood vessels serving heart, liver, and skeletal muscles

Parasympathetic Nervous System
  • Muscarinic: Heart, smooth muscle, glands
  • Nicotinic: ganglia, pastganglionic neurons

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Marieb, Elaine N. and Katja Hoehn. Human Anatomy & Physiology, eleventh edition. Pearson Education Inc. 2019. pp 543-546
]]> 2022-03-07 03:39:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080723611 5. End organ responses when each transmitter is stimulated jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080843743 Sympathetic Nervous System
  • ACH
    • Sweat glands: increase sweating
  • NE
    • Heart: increased HR & force of heartbeat
    • Eyes: dilates pupils
    • Glands: inhibited secretory activity
    • Kidney: decreased urine output, promotes renin release
    • GI Tract: sphincter constriction
  • EPI
    • Heart: large increase in HR & force of heartbeat
    • Lungs: bronchodilation
    • Coronary blood vessels: vasodilation
    • Liver: release of glucose to blood
  • DA
    • Different actions based on dose given
    • Receptors widely found in the brain

Parasympathetic Nervous System
  • ACH
    • Heart: decreased HR
    • GI Tract: increase digestion and secretions
    • Eyes: constriction of pupils
    • Lungs: constricts bronchioles

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Marieb, Elaine N. and Katja Hoehn. Human Anatomy & Physiology, eleventh edition. Pearson Education Inc. 2019. pp 543-546

]]> 2022-03-07 04:24:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080843743 6a. Drug classifications - Sympathetic Nervous System jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080897848 Sympathomimetics (adrenergics, agonists)
  • Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    • Alpha-1 receptor
    • Increase BP
    • Vasoconstriction of nasal passage - decongestant
    • Increase circulation of vital organs
  • Adrenergic Agonists
    • Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors
    • Vasopressor - Vasoconstriction, increased BP
    • Cardiac stimulant
    • Bronchodilation
  • Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    • Low dose: Stimulates dopaminergic receptors in kidneys = vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
    • Moderate dose: Stimulates beta-1 receptors = increased force of heartbeat, cardiac output
    • High dose: Stimulates alpha-1 receptors = vasoconstriction = increase BP
  • Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
    • Beta-2 receptors
    • Bronchodilation, relax smooth muscle of lungs
    • relax smooth muscle of uterus

Sympatholytics (adrenergic blocking, blockers, inhibitors, antagonists)
  • Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
    • Binds and blocks alpha-1 receptors
    • Relax smooth muscle = vasodilation = decrease BP
    • Increase urine flow
  • Selective Beta-1 Adrenergic Blockers
    • Binds and blocks beta-1 receptors
    • Decrease force of contraction = decrease cardiac output
    • Decreased HR
    • Decreased conduction
    • Decreased BP
  • Non-Selective Beta Blockers
    • Blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
    • Decrease force of contraction = decreased cardiac output
    • Decreased HR
    • Decreased conduction
    • Decreased BP
    • Can cause bronchoconstriction
]]> 2022-03-07 05:01:53 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080897848 6b. Drug classifications - Parasympathetic Nervous System jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080920313 Parasympathomimetics (agonists, cholinergics)
  • Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
    • Bind/stimulates muscarinic receptors
    • Mimics ACH
    • Pupil constriction
    • Stimulate bladder/GI tract to prevent post-op constipation and urinary retention
  • Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
    • Inhibits acetylcholinerase = increase ACH
    • Allows ACH to accumulate and stimulate for a longer period of time than normally expected

Parasympatholytics (antagonists, anticholinergics)
  • Bind to/blocks cholinergic receptors
  • Increase HR
  • Bronchodilation
]]> 2022-03-07 05:16:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080920313 7a. Drug List - Sympathetic Nervous System jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080926778 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist
  • ephedrine
  • phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
Adrenergic Agonists
  • epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists
  • dobutamine
Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
  • albuterol (Proventil®)
  • terbutaline (Brethine®)
  • formoterol (Foradil®)
  • salmeterol (Serevent®)
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
  • prazosin (Minipress®)
  • terazosin (Hytrin®)
  • doxazosin (Cardura®)
Selective Beta-1 Blocker
  • atenolol (Tenormin®)
  • metoprolol (Lopressor®)
Non-selective Beta Blocker
  • nadolol (Corgard®)
  • propanolol (Inderal®)
  • timolol (Blocadren®)

]]> 2022-03-07 05:20:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080926778 7b. Drug List - Parasympathetic Nervous System jennifercorioso1 https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080942984 Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
  • acetylcholine
  • pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
  • bethanechol (Urecholine®)
Indrect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
  • neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics
  • atropine
  • dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
  • ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)
]]> 2022-03-07 05:31:48 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifercorioso1/gquctd8hcyvnhd4j/wish/2080942984