Leaving Ireland: push and pull factors in the XIXth century Why did Irish people leave their country in the XIXth century ? by celine lofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa en-us 2017-11-17 16:06:45 UTC 2023-02-06 17:44:03 UTC hello@padlet.com G1, G3. Graph of Irish Emigration, 1821-1920 celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943038 Note: This graph does not include those who emigrated to England, Scotland and Wales.  The 1851 census in Britain shows around 400,000 Irish-born living in Britain1. Most settled in the port regions around Liverpool,   Glasgow and London.
1 A. M. Hodge, R. Rees, Union to Partition: Ireland 1800-1921, Colourpoint Books, 1995.

Source: public domain. ]]> 2021-10-08 16:34:38 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943038 G1. The Potato Blight celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943376 The Great Famine (or Irish Potato Famine) of 1846 to 1852 hit Ireland and Scotland. Many poor people grew potatoes for food. Potatoes grew on poor soil, even in wet and cold conditions.
When a potato disease (blight) arrived in 1845, possibly in ships from America, it was a disaster. Potatoes went rotten, and were not fit to eat. People went hungry. More than 1 million people starved to death. Many more got sick. In Ireland, one in four people (25%) died or emigrated. The potato famine was one of the most terrible events in Irish history.

Read more here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/victorian_britain/famine_and_emigration/
]]> 2021-10-08 16:34:47 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943376 G1. Effects of the Famine on the Local Population celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943524 The artist James Mahony was sent by The Illustrated London News to record the situation of the starving Irish population in Skibbereen (county Cork, west of Ireland) in 1847.
" The first Sketch is taken on the road, at Cahera, of a famished boy and girl turning up the ground to seek for a potato to appease their hunger."

Source: published in The Illustrated London News, Feb. 20, 1847.
https://viewsofthefamine.wordpress.com/illustrated-london-news/evictions-of-peasantry-in-ireland/ ]]> 2021-10-08 16:34:52 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943524 G1. Starving Crowds outside a Workhouse celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943724 *a workhouse was an institution where poor people were sent: they got food and a bed in return for very hard work. Think of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens.
People crowding at the gates of a workhouse. Workhouses were supposed to provide food for poor people in exchange for work, but in the famine years the workhouses could not cope, there were just too many starving people seeking help. ]]> 2021-10-08 16:34:59 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943724 G2. Poverty in Rural Ireland celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943902 Caption : Sketch of a House at Fahey's Quay, Ennis - the widow Connor and her dying children.

Source:
https://viewsofthefamine.wordpress.com/illustrated-london-news/condition-of-ireland/]]> 2021-10-08 16:35:05 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802943902 G2, G3, G4. Irish people dominated by English landlords celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802944077 In the middle of the XIXth century, Ireland was already a desperately poor country. The only European country controlled by another country, it had been ruled by Great Britain for many centuries.
Ireland had virtually no significant manufacturing sector. Most Irish were farmers who worked tiny plots of land, paying stiff rents to British landlords and living in primitive mud and stone huts. They had large families to make sure enough children reached adult age to look after their elderly parents - but that also meant more mouths to feed

Read more below: ]]> 2021-10-08 16:35:12 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802944077 G2. Emigration: a Remedy? celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802944211 This cartoon was published in Punch on July 15, 1848. It portrays a poor family in Ireland and a prosperous family living abroad. Notice the inclusion of a shovel among the prosperous family, a symbol of labor.
The entire caption reads “Here and There; or, Emigration a Remedy.”

Source: https://viewsofthefamine.wordpress.com/punch/here-and-there-or-emigration-a-remedy/
]]> 2021-10-08 16:35:17 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802944211 G2 Racial Stereotypes Regarding the Irish celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802944408 This untitled cartoon shows an Irishman as a drunk and violent ape. In the background, John Bull (England) shows Uncle Sam (the USA) that he will take care of the troublemaker.]]> 2021-10-08 16:35:22 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802944408 G3. Eviction of Irish Farmers by their English Landlord celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802946362 Irish tenants* are being evicted from their farm by its English owner helped by the local constabulary**.
*tenant: person renting a piece of land or property.
**constabulary: police force.

Altogether, perhaps as many as 500,000 people were evicted in the years from 1846 to 1854. Farms smaller than 5 hectares represented 45% of tenanted land in 1841 and only 15% 10 years later.
(John Donnelly, "The Irish Famine", BBCHistory.co.uk, Feb 17, 2011 URL=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/famine_01.shtml)

Source: published in the Illustrated London News, Dec. 16, 1848.
https://viewsofthefamine.wordpress.com/illustrated-london-news/evictions-of-peasantry-in-ireland/]]> 2021-10-08 16:36:23 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802946362 Hardship of Life in America celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802946602 Most refugees from Ireland’s famine arrived in the United States nearly destitute. They settled in cities, where they had few skills needed in the industralizing urban economies. About 650,000 Irish immigrants arrived in New York alone. Because of their outdated clothing and distinctive accents, they were easily identified and made victims of various unscrupulous schemes. Landlords promising comfortable rooms left them in overcrowded, vermin-infested tenements. Others, promising railroad and boat passage to other parts of the nation, sold them phony tickets.
The immigrants took whatever unskilled jobs they could find, working on the docks, pushing carts, or digging canals and laboring on the railroads. Their lives were so harsh that their mortality rates remained high. For example, 60 percent of children born to Irish immigrants in Boston died before the age of six. Adult immigrants lived an average of only six years after their arrival in the United States. When these immigrants arrived, they were a comparatively docile and law-abiding population. However, many of them turned to crime out of boredom, desperation, and anger. Young Irish immigrants in New York City formed criminal gangs, and the area known as Five Points became a cauldron of all manner of criminal activity.

Source: http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/528-great-irish-famine.html
]]> 2021-10-08 16:36:31 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802946602 celinelofficial https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802951757 2021-10-08 16:39:27 UTC https://padlet.com/celinelofficial/gqooi985wrfa/wish/1802951757