5th Period 9 Weeks Review Padlet by Goodman Science

The Rock Cycle Review

goodmanscience — 2018-03-02 15:34:45 UTC

There are three main classifications of rock. These classifications, determined by how the rock forms, include: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The matter that makes up these rocks is the same matter that has always existed on Earth. It continues to be recycled, which is why the rock cycle is called a cycle.

A metamorphic rock is formed when any type of rock undergoes enough heat and pressure to bake the rock without actually melting it. The rock undergoes a chemical change due to the increased heat and pressure. That means that a chemical reaction has occurred making the substance something entirely new.

A sedimentary rock is formed when weathering breaks down any type of rock into smaller pieces called sediments. These sediments are eroded, or moved, by wind, water, animals, etc. where they are deposited and can accumulate. Over time they begin to compact and cement forming a solid rock made of sediments, or bits of smaller rocks. Typically these rocks are formed at the bottom of a large body of water. Florida, for example, has large areas of sedimentary rock layers, indicating that it was once covered by water.

Lastly, igneous rocks--rocks of fire--are formed when any rock is melted into molten rock and then cooled into solid rock. This is caused by volcanic activity.

See the model below which demonstrates this ongoing cycle and the processes that change rock from one type to another.

Evan / Layers of the Earth

2018-03-02 18:40:16 UTC

1. The farthest out layer is the crust it is made out of oxygen and silicon. It is the coldest layer because it is the closeted to the surface. It is the least dense and it is a solid. The next one in is the mantle it is made of very hot rock. It is about 1,800 miles down and it is a solid. It is more dense and a higher temp. then the crust. Then next one in after that is the outer core it is made by iron and nickel that is liquid. It is the second densested and hottest. Also 1,400 miles down. At the middle is the inner core it is a solid that is made of iron and nickel. It is the hottest and the most dense.
2. The two different crust are Oceanic and continental the oceanic crust is more dense and thinner than continental crust.
3. From lease dense to more dense it goes crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
4.See diagram below
5.

Natalie & Belinda; Density

2018-03-02 18:40:17 UTC

1.Density is the measure of how much mass there is in a given volume of a substance.
2. Mass divided by volume is the formula for density
3. Mass and volume is are the two physical properties of a substance that must be measured to calculate density.
4. You use a ruler and measure the length, width, and the height of the box and multiply them to get the volume of the box. After that you put it on a scale to get the mass of the box. Finally you divide mass divided by volume to find out the density of the box.
5. First you fill a cylinder with water and measure how much water there is. Next you put the pebble in the water and subtract how high the water is now from how high the water was from before to get the volume of the box. After that you put the pebble on the scale to get the mass of the pebble. Finally you divide mass divided by volume to find the density of the pebble.
6. Scientists use grams, milliliters, grams per milliliters, or grams per centimeter.
8. When a liquid is denser then a another liquid the less dense liquid floats above. When a solid is in liquid it floats or sinks based on its density. Gases

Corey and Tadeo: Heat Transfer

2018-03-02 18:40:20 UTC

1. Heat flows from a hotter object to a cooler object.
2. Conduction is the transfer of heat through touch, one example of this is touching a metal spoon in a hot bowl of soup.Convection is the transfer of thermal energy through liquids and gases due to circulation, one example of this is boiling water heated by a burner. Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves through space, one example of this is the sun that radiates waves.
3. Heat transfers through the outer core through convection. I know this because the outer core is liquid.
4. The convection currents could carry the tectonic plates as the currents move.
5. see picture below
6. Hot fluids rise because they have less density, cool fluids sink because they are more dense.
7. Magma is the source of energy within Earth's interior. The sun is the source of energy for outside of Earth's interior.

Malia and Beck: Forces

2018-03-02 18:40:29 UTC

A force is a push or pull. There is contact forces which are forces that are created through direct contact such as normal, frictional, and applied forces. A normal force is when a stable object's force pushes against another object like a book resting on a desk. An applied force is when a person or object applies force on another object such as a person pushing a box. A frictional force is the force that acts against an object, slowing it down like a person on a slide. There is also non-contact forces which are created without direct contact such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetism. However, a gravitational force can also be referred to as weight. The bigger the mass the more distance between the object and the ground, it will fall faster. A field is the object's force over a distance. When people such as physicists say "net force", they mean when all the forces acting on a object is measured. Balanced forces is when two forces acting on each other are equal. However, forces can become unbalanced which means when one force is stronger than another. A still object can start moving such as when a person pushes a box, the applied force is greater than the frictional force.

Kaitlyn and Maithreyi : Plate tectonics

2018-03-02 18:40:31 UTC

A plate boundary is an area where two plates meet.

Convergent boundary: Where two plates collide.

Divergent boundary: Where two plates move the opposite way of the other.
Transform boundary: Where two plates slide past each other.
Convergent boundary's can create things such as volcanoes, mountains, subduction zones, and deep ocean trenches.
Divergent boundaries can create things such as mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and sea-floor spreading.
Transform boundaries can create a fault, and could cause an earthquake.
At a convergent boundary if two continental crust collide it will fold upward because they both have the same amount of density. But it would be different if continental crust and oceanic crust collide then the one that is denser will sink under the other.

Marlene and Jake: Layers of the Earth

2018-03-02 18:40:49 UTC

1. The crust contains of oxygen and silicon and is about 5 to 32 kilometers thick. It is solid; it's the least dense and coldest layer of Earth. The mantle is made up of very hot rock and iron, and it is 1800 miles thick, the thickest layer in the Earth.The outer core is composed of molten metal and rock, it is liquid and 1800-3200 miles in depth. The outer core also produce also produces the magnetic field around Earth. The inner core is made up of iron and nickle and the hottest layer of Earth. It is solid and the most dense layer in Earth. it is 3200-3960 miles in depth.
2. Continental crust is the older crust that is 20-40 miles thick. It less dense than oceanic crust and it underlines the continents. Oceanic crust is found under the ocean and is 4-6 miles thick. It is younger and more dense than the continental crust.
3. The inner core is the most dense layer in the Earth, while the crust is the least dense. The layers in between are denser closer to the inner core and not as dense closer to the crust.
4.

Density: Lorna and Gregory

2018-03-02 18:40:58 UTC

Density is the degree of compactness of matter solved with the formula of mass divided by volume. For example if you wanted to measure the density of a box you would need to measure the mass and volume of the box before you find the density. You would use a scale to find the mass of the box then use length times width times height. Then you divide mass by volume. To find the density of a pebble use the balance to find the mass of the object and put it in grams. Pour water into a graduated cylinder up to an easily-read value, such as 50 milliliters and record the number. Drop the object into the cylinder and record the new value in millimeters. Then find the density of the object by dividing the mass value by the volume value. Liquid is more dense as a solid form and less dense as a gas. This applies to layers of the earth because there will be no layers without density.

Juan and Aiden: Heat Transfer

2018-03-02 18:40:58 UTC

1) Heat flows from a hotter object to a cooler object.
2) Conduction- the transfer of heat through direct contact of particles; when you walk barefoot on the sidewalk during the summer.
Convection- the transfer heat through a fluid due to circulation; when water is boiling, the heat move throughout the fluid.
Radiation- the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves through space; when heat from the sun goes to the ground.
3) Outer core- heat from the outer core pushes gas up through the mantle causing convection currents
4) Heat pushes through the mantle but can't escape so it pushes the plates to escape.
5) see picture below
6) Hot fluids rise because the hotter a fluid is, the less dense it is. That way, it rises because it isn't very dense. Cold fluids sink because the colder fluids are, the more dense they are. That way, it sinks because it is denser than it was before.
7) The Earth's inner core is its source of energy within its interior. The sun is the Earth's energy outside its own interior.

Kaitlyn and Jacob Plate techtonics

2018-03-02 18:41:03 UTC

At a transform boundary, the plates are sliding past each other which builds up friction. At a divergent boundary, the plates are moving away from each other. This will create a mid-ocean ridge, faults, or sea floor spreading. Then, there is a convergent boundary, this is where two plates move towards each other. At convergent boundaries mountains, or a subduction zone. A subduction zone is when a less dense piece of crust goes under the more dense peace of crust, creating a deep ocean trench. A deep ocean trench forms at a subduction zone, while a mid-ocean ridge forms at a divergent boundary. The theory of plate tectonics is the idea that the plates are constantly moving. The process of moving plates is called continental drift. The plates are able to move because they sit atop of the asthenosphere and the asthenosphere is made up of liquid.

Eden and Neil: Forces

2018-03-02 18:41:19 UTC

A force is a push or pull. There are two types of forces, non-contact and contact forces. Contact forces are forces that physically touch each other, while non-contact forces are forces that can move matter without touching it. Some contact forces are applied, normal and frictional. Applied force is when force is applied to a object. Like when you push a ball around. Normal force is the force that forces back form the force applied by something else, like Neil resting on a wall. A frictional force is when an object is acted upon by a force that slows it down, like if you were to roll a bowling ball into a bowling lane, the amount of friction differs on the lane. Some non-contact forces are gravitational, magnetism and electrical. Gravity is also referred as weight. Mass, and distance can also effect the pull

Kayleigh and Kaileigh: States of Matter

2018-03-02 18:41:24 UTC

The states of matter we discussed in class are solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter changes it's state because energy is taken or added to it, so it changes forms such as when a solid is heated it becomes a liquid. A solid's molecules are very compacted and slow moving, a liquid's molecules are less compacted and move a little bit faster, a gases molecules are very free and fast. When molecules gain energy they move faster and are more spread apart. When molecules lose energy they slow down and stay more in place. When a convection current loses energy it goes down and loses density, when it gains energy it moves faster, goes up and gains density. In the crust, it is solid, in the mantle, it is also solid, in the outer core though, it is liquid, in the inner core, it is rock solid.

2018-03-02 18:47:24 UTC

Fill an cylinder with water and then measure how much water there is. Next you put the box in the water and subtract how high the water is now from how high the water was before to get the volume of the box. After that you put it on a scale to get the mass of the box. Finally you divide mass d

LUKE

2018-03-02 18:48:12 UTC

1. CRUST MANTLE OUTER AND INNER CORE
CRUST- SOLID, LEAST DENSE
MANTLE- 3RD DENSEST, SOLID
OUTER CORE- 2ND DENSEST, LIQUID METAL
INNER CORE- DENSEST, SOLID
2. CONTINENTAL IS OLDER AND LESS DENSE
3. CORE IS THE MOST DENSE CRUST IS THE LEAST DENSE
4. AT BOTTOM
5. LIQUID IN THE MANTLE
LITHO- TOP OF MANTLE
6. TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIALS
7.

Marlene and Jake: Layers of the Earth

2018-03-02 18:57:54 UTC

5. The asthenosphere is a liquid layer in the mantle made of molten magma. It is moves the plate tectonics from convection currents. The lithosphere is a hard layer in the crust that is moved by the asthenosphere. It is made up of plates.
6. Convection currents in the asthenosphere move the plate tectonics. Magma closer to the core are heated up. Because they have less density, they drift toward the crust. Then, they cool down and drift back down deeper into the Earth. This happens in a circular motion that the plate tectonics sit on.
7.

Kayleigh and Kaileigh

2018-03-02 18:59:22 UTC

2018-03-02 19:01:40 UTC

Compute the density of the object by dividing the mass value by the volume value. Record the density on the data chart.