-Born in Austria-Hungary 1883

-Never enjoyed religious events

-finished school at 13
-Worked at an insurance company 

-opened an asbestos factory

-died of tuberculosis whilst editing “A Hunger Artist” 

Screenplay: Baz Luhrmann & Craig Pearce

Novel Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald

Date: 2013 (1925 Novel)

Genre: Drama, Romance 

Born 24 September 1896.

Joined the Army in 1917 and fell in love with Zelda. Fitzgerald needed wealth and fame to convince Zelda to marry him. Fitzgerald saw the moral emptiness and hypocrisy in the seductive and exiting Jazz Age.

Born 28 April 1926.
Lee grew up in a small town and her father was a lawyer. However, lee maintains that the text was intended to portray not her own childhood home but rather a nonspecific Southern town. 

A young man from Minnesota, moves to New York in the summer of 1922 to learn about the bond business. He rents a house in the West Egg district of Long Island, a wealthy but unfashionable area populated by the new rich, who are prone to garish displays of wealth. 

She lives with her brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, in the sleepy Alabama town of Maycomb. Maycomb is suffering through the Great Depression, but Atticus is a prominent lawyer and the Finch family is reasonably well off in comparison to the rest of society. 

There are thus three main movements :

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-The ability for society to indulge in more entertainment 

- Separation of artist from society (1)

- Fruitlessness of hunger 

Issues

- Consumer society (2)

- Materialism

Ideas

- Society fails to understand art

- The hunger for completion 

The Hollowness of the Upper Class 
Sociology of wealth, specifically, how the newly minted millionaires of the 1920s 

-Loyalty to one’s art (1) 

-Entertainment is consumable and 

unappreciated by society (2) 

-Society (2)

-The narrator (1) 

-Rising action after he joined the circus

-Climax with his conversation with the overseer 

The exploration of the moral nature of human beings—that is, whether people are essentially good or essentially evil.

The texts moral questions takes place within the perspective of children, the education of children is necessarily involved in the development of all of the novel’s themes

Social status is explored largely through social hierarchy of Maycomb 

The East Egg represents the old aristocracy, West Egg the newly rich, the valley of ashes the moral and social decay of America.

The weather unfailingly matches the emotional and narrative tone of the story. 

-High achieving family

-Huxley's education began in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory

-He contracted an eye disease which made him unfit to become a doctor

-Worked in a “high-tech” chemical plant

-He began writing fulltime in his 20s and they were mostly political satires

-moved to America in 1937

-1959 Huxley turned down an offer to be knighted 

-died 1963 on the same day as the John F. Kennedy assassination 

Lee adds Drama and atmosphere by including Gothic Details.

Contrasting Gothic, Lee uses the slow-paced, good-natured values of Maycomb. 

There are 2 plots:

Adventures of Jem and Scout, and the trial of Tom Robinson.

The point of view is Scout’s, which made for a very entertaining read

Trial more believable to be set in Deep South.

The style was conversational and light, since the narrator was a little girl.

This book is loaded with symbolism. Jem and Scout symbolize innocence, etc. 

Nick's narrative starts in the present and then he starts to integrate stories of Gatsby's past, however these are not in chronological order either.

The repetition of phrases or colours etc creates of meaning that when repeated the reader will recognise. 

Nick's narrative starts in the present and then he starts to integrate stories of Gatsby's past, however these are not in chronological order either.

The repetition of phrases or colours etc creates of meaning that when repeated the reader will recognise. 

Symbolism, imagery, allegory 

Setting 

Narrator Point of View 

Genre 

Tone 

Writing Style (mirrors characters) 

Double Plot: 

The use of two seemingly discrete subplots. The synthesis of these two subplots is the catalyst for Scout's epiphany. 

“He had one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life” – Nick 

“The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God” - Nick 

“ ’Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.’ That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something...”  - Scout 

“Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it. In rainy weather the streets turned to red slop . . . [s]omehow it was hotter then...” - Scout 

The predatory nature of human existence 

Fraternity and the idealised male friendship 

The impossibility of the American dream 

The corrupting power of women 

Loneliness and companionship 

Strength and weakness 

George and Lennie’s farm 

Candy’s Dog 

-Set in 1950s America, during the development of curing psychological illness 

Animal imagery 

Direct style 

Descriptive style for the natural world 

Dialogue 

"Fate rules people's lives and those who interfere with fate do so to their sorrow."  This also ties in with the theme of wisdom v greed.

Ordered

Circular

Foreshadowing 

2) “S’pose they was a carnival or a circus come to town, or a ball game, or any damn thing.” Old Candy nodded in appreciation of the idea. “We’d just go to her,” George said. “We wouldn’t ask nobody if we could. Jus’ say, ‘We’ll go to her,’ an’ we would. Jus’ milk the cow and sling some grain to the chickens an’ go to her.” 

Setting

Narrator Point of View

Genre

Tone

Writing style (captures the cadence of the Igbo people) 

Varying interpretations of masculinity

Language as a sign of cultural difference

The concept of Chi

Animal imagery

Locusts

Fire

Though most of the novel is focused on Okonkwo, the narrator generally provides insight into the thoughts of most characters. There are times when the narration is focused around different characters – namely Ikemefuna, Nwoye, Obierika, and Ekwefi. The multiplicity of voices allows the reader to see different characters through a variety of lenses.

Characterisation

Repetition

Figurative language

Similes

Metaphors

Personification

Irony 

Setting

Author’s narration

Imagery

Point of view

Foil (contrast) 

2) And at last the locusts did descend. They settled on every tree and on every blade of grass; they settled on the roofs and covered the bare ground. Mighty tree branches broke away under them, and the whole country became the brown-earth colour of the vast, hungry swarm.

-Women as castrators (1)

-Society’s destruction of natural impulses (2)

-False diagnoses of insanity (3) 

Issues

-sexism and manipulation through gender 
Ideas
-Society turns people into machines

The author has chosen to organise the short story in three parts, and each of these parts has its own climactic moment, with each one being stronger than the previous.

The climactic moment from part I comes when Mr White wishes for money using the monkey paw. In part II, the climactic moment is the death of Herbert being announced to the Whites. Finally, the climactic moment of part III is the moment when Herbert apparently returns from the dead and knocks at the door (which is also the climax of the whole story). 
These parts are loosely structured around 3 wishes, and 3 characters within the family.
This supports the idea of superstition.

-Rawler committing suicide (1)(2)

-The shock shop (3) 

"Better let it burn," said the soldier, solemnly.

"If you don't want it, Morris," said the other, "give it to me." (1.41)

He sat alone in the darkness, gazing at the dying fire, and seeing faces in it. The last face was so horrible and so simian [monkey-like] that he gazed at it in amazement. It got so vivid that, with a little uneasy laugh, he felt on the table for a glass containing a little water to throw over it. His hand grasped the monkey's paw, and with a little shiver he wiped his hand on his coat and went up to bed. (1.66)

Imagery But her husband was on his hands and knees groping wildly on the floor in search of the paw. If he could only find it before the thing outside got in. (3.48)

Death
"The first man had his three wishes, yes," was the reply. "I don't know what the first two were, but the third was for death. That's how I got the paw." (1.33)

"Is he hurt?" demanded the mother.
The visitor bowed in assent. "Badly hurt," he said quietly, "but he is not in any pain." (2.17)

"He was the only one left to us," he said, turning gently to the visitor. "It is hard." (2.23)

In the huge new cemetery, some two miles distant, the old people buried their dead, and came back to a house steeped in shadow and silence. (3.1)

"Go and get it and wish," cried his wife, quivering with excitement.
The old man turned and regarded her, and his voice shook. "He has been dead ten days, and besides he – I would not tell you else, but – I could only recognize him by his clothing. If he was too terrible for you to see then, how now?" (3.24)

He raised his hand. "I wish my son alive again." (3.31)

Fate and Freewill
"It had a spell put on it by an old fakir," said the sergeant-major, "a very holy man. He wanted to show that fate ruled people's lives, and that those who interfered with it did so to their sorrow. He put a spell on it so that three separate men could each have three wishes from it." (1.26)

"I suppose all old soldiers are the same," said Mrs White. "The idea of our listening to such nonsense! How could wishes be granted in these days? And if they could, how could two hundred pounds hurt you, father?" (2.2)

"The firm wished me to convey their sincere sympathy with you in your great loss," he said, without looking round. "I beg that you will understand I am only their servant and merely obeying orders." (2.25)

"No," she cried, triumphantly; "we'll have one more. Go down and get it quickly, and wish our boy alive again." (3.17)

"We had the first wish granted," said the old woman, feverishly; "why not the second."

"A coincidence," stammered the old man. (3.22)

He heard the creaking of the bolt as it came slowly back, and at the same moment he found the monkey's paw, and frantically breathed his third and last wish. (3.48)

Family

-Insanity is controlled by society (2) 

-Chief Bromden/narrator (1) 

-Nurse Rached (2) 

-Metaphors of chickens, birds and Bromden’s hallucinations 

-syntax of Bromden’s fragmented thoughts when he’s hurt or overwhelmed 

-Characterisation of society integrated people as robotic