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      <title>Minorities and Jews by Ayra Nur Adilia Shahmirshah (Tkgs)</title>
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      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2025-05-20 13:53:22 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-07-02 23:07:06 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>Source </title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507403659</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>As one of the most resilient metaphors of this specter, the continued influence of the figure of <em>Rhineland Bastard</em> in the Third Reich confirms the enduring power of the discourse of racial endangerment associated with the Black German population in this period. The response that was repeatedly proposed as a means of <mark>neutralizing this threat was sterilization. Calls for the sterilization of the Rhineland children were made as early as 1927</mark>, when a local official in the Pfalz, Hans Jolas, wrote to the Bavarian Minister of Health, Sperr, regarding the <mark>province's growing concern about the danger posed by the presence of these Black German children, who would soon be coming of age.</mark></p><p><br/></p><p>- By: Confronting Racial Danger, Neutralizing Racial Pollution </p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-01 14:17:32 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Background Information </title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507406862</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>What is “Rhineland bastard”?</p><p><strong>Rhineland bastard</strong> (<a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"><em>German</em></a><em>: Rheinlandbastard) was a derogatory term used in </em><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany"><em>Nazi Germany</em></a><em> to describe </em><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Germans"><em>Afro-Germans</em></a><em>, </em><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Horror_on_the_Rhine"><em>born of mixed-race relationships between German women and black African men</em></a><em> of the French Army who were stationed in the </em><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhineland"><em>Rhineland</em></a><em> during </em><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Rhineland"><em>its occupation</em></a><em> by France after </em><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"><em>World War I</em></a><em>.</em></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-01 14:20:41 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>original image</title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507451612</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-01 15:30:00 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>translated image</title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507452729</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>RM - <strong>Reichsmark</strong></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-01 15:31:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507452729</guid>
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         <title>Background Information</title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507765978</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Severely mentally and physically disabled people, as well as those perceived to have disabilities, were targeted because of Nazi beliefs that disabled people were a burden both to society and to the state. From 1939 to 1941 the Nazis carried out a programme of ‘euthanasia’, known as the T4 programme. The name T4 is an abbreviation of Tiergartenstrasse 4, the address from which the programme was coordinated. - <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-genocides/nazi-persecution/disabled-people/">https://hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-genocides/nazi-persecution/disabled-people/</a></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-02 01:05:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507765978</guid>
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         <title>source</title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507774778</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>In mid-1932 a crackdown on homosexual subcultures in Prussia began after Chancellor Franz von Papen deposed the Prussian government.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-02 01:11:52 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Background Information</title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507779238</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The <strong><em>Institut für Sexualwissenschaft</em> (Institute for Sexual Science)</strong> was an early private <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexology">sexology</a> research institute in <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_Republic">Germany</a> from 1919 to 1933. The institute aimed to educate both the general public and specialists on its topics of focus.It became a point of scientific and research interest for many scientists of sexuality, as well as intellectuals and reformers from all over the world.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-02 01:14:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507779238</guid>
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         <title>Background information</title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507782555</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The Nuremberg Laws severely harmed the Jewish community socially and economically. Jews convicted under the marriage laws were imprisoned and later sent to concentration camps. Non-Jews stopped interacting with Jews, leading to the closure of many Jewish businesses. By 1938, emigration was nearly impossible, and by 1941, the Nazis began mass exterminations.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-02 01:16:41 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>nuremberg</title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507787613</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The term "<strong>Nuremberg</strong>" refers to the city in Germany, but it is also heavily associated with historical events, particularly the Nazi Party rallies and the subsequent Nuremberg Trials. Nuremberg was the location of major <mark>Nazi Party rallies</mark> before and during World War II, and after the war, it hosted the trials of prominent Nazi leaders for war crimes and crimes against humanity.&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-02 01:19:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507787613</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507798005</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Translation: </p><p><strong>Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor</strong></p><p>Moved by the understanding that purity of German blood is the essential condition for the continued existence of the German people, and inspired by the inflexible determination to ensure the existence of the German nation for all time, the Reichstag has unanimously adopted the following law, which is promulgated herewith:</p><p><strong>§1</strong><br>(1) <mark>Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or related blood are forbidden. Marriages nevertheless concluded are invalid, even if concluded abroad to circumvent this law.</mark><br>(2) Annulment proceedings can be initiated only by the state prosecutor.</p><p><strong>§2</strong><br><mark>Extramarital relations between Jews and citizens of German or related blood are forbidden.</mark></p><p><br></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-02 01:25:49 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ayra_nur_adilia_shahmirshah1/gpmkpk3coyojpl15/wish/3507819148</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>In late February 1933, the Nazi Party launched its <mark>purge of gay </mark>(then known as <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophile"><em>homophile</em></a>) clubs in Berlin, outlawed sex publications, and banned organised gay groups. </p><p>On 6 May 1933, the <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Studentenschaft"><em>Deutsche Studentenschaft</em></a>(group of students) made an organised attack on the Institute of Sex Research. 4 days later, the institute's remaining library and archives were publicly hauled out and <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings">burned</a> in the streets of the <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opernplatz_(Berlin)">Opernplatz</a> by members of SA alongside the students. A bronze <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)">sculpture</a> of Hirschfel( one of the founders of the institution) , taken from the institute, was placed on top of the bonfire.<a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft#cite_note-:7-17"><sup> </sup></a>One estimate says that between <mark>12,000 to 20,000 books and journals, and even larger number of images and sex subjects, were destroyed.</mark><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft#cite_note-:8-71"><mark><sup> </sup></mark></a>Another estimate says that about 25,000 books were destroyed.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-07-02 01:37:23 UTC</pubDate>
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