Activity 2: Assistive Technologies for Intervention (CERT 06/2021 Cohort 5) by Douglas Fenech

The 13 Disability Categories Under IDEA

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:10:11 UTC

Moreland University, CERT 06/2021 Cohort 5

1. Specific Learning Disability (SLD)

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:18:24 UTC

HIGH INCIDENCE

3. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:19:21 UTC

HIGH INCIDENCE

7. Deafness

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:20:24 UTC

LOW INCIDENCE

8. Hearing Impairment

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:20:48 UTC

HIGH INCIDENCE
LOW INCIDENCE

9. Deaf-Blindness

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:20:58 UTC

LOW INCIDENCE (.02% of world population with severe deafblindness)

12. Traumatic Brain Injury

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:21:44 UTC

Cohort agrees 100% that Traumatic Brain Injury is Low Incidence.

13. Multiple Disabilities

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 09:22:00 UTC

LOW INCIDENCE

2% of students ages 3-21

Low Tech Assistive Technology

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 11:17:33 UTC

Writing things down instead of speaking
Providing written notes for students
Providing a sign-language tutor
Favorable seating in the class to facilitate lip reading
Assistance of a notetaker, who takes notes for the student with deafness, so that the student can fully attend to instruction

High Tech Assistive Technology

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-05 11:21:52 UTC

Showing live subtitles during a PowerPoint presentation
Personal FM systems can send a teacher’s voice from a wireless microphone worn by the teacher through FM radio waves directly to a small receiver worn by the student with hearing loss.
Soundfield systems send the teacher’s voice from a microphone to one or more speakers positioned close to the child or mounted to a wall. This allows more than one student to use the system simultaneously.
Face to Face Communication Systems can provide assistance when short, one-on-one conversations are needed. An educator and deaf or Examples of devices are the Ubi-Duo and Interpretype.

Prevalance 0.03 (USA)

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-06 01:43:06 UTC

Definition

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-06 01:54:00 UTC

Deafness means a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

10. Orthopedic Impairment

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 01:50:39 UTC

LOW INCIDENCE

Orthopedic Impairment

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 02:33:11 UTC

is defined as a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease and impairments from other causes.

5. Speech and Language

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-07 03:05:03 UTC

HIGH INCIDENCE

Definition

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-07 03:11:48 UTC

Speech or language impairment means a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

Prevalence - About 20%

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-07 03:25:05 UTC

"Speech and language impairments are considered a high-incidence disability. - -
Approximately 20% of children receiving special education services are receiving services for speech and language disorders.
More than one-half (55.2%) of all 3, 4, and 5 year old children with a disability receive speech and language services."

Low Tech Assistive Technologies

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-07 03:25:40 UTC

Communication boards and books
- Books, pictures, symbols that can be used to communicate with the class and teacher.
Hand gestures
Pen/Paper
Dry erase board

Other Teaching Strategies

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-07 03:26:44 UTC

Give plenty of chances for the student to hear correct pronunciation.
- examples: oral presentations, group discussions, videos, songs, clips, etc.
The teacher should provide adequate time to allow students to practice their speech.
Help students boost their confidence by allowing them to practice speaking in pairs and groups, not in front of the class, which can lead to bullying and loss of self-confidence.
Reading aloud and having discussions in pairs, groups, etc.

Recap Video

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-07 03:37:02 UTC

High Tech Assistive Technologies

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-07 03:48:19 UTC

Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Computer, Ipad, Electronic device
Touching letters and pictures on a screen, which relays the message out loud.
"High tech can be anything that speaks for the person by pressing a button (which most apps on the iphone do now) or a blink of an eye from the patient or even a blow through a straw; anything that requires a battery. "

Prevalence of Orthopedic Impairment in the United States

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 06:14:23 UTC

According to the U.S. Department of Education, Orthopedic Impairments represent approximately 1.0 percent of all students having a classification in special education.

Low Tech Assistive Technologies for Orthopedic Impairment

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 06:54:32 UTC

* Note taking aide
* Alternative grip tools

* Canes
* Walkers
* Crutches

*Specialized items such
as: Exercise Equipment,
Chairs, Desks, and Tables.
These items help promote one with Orthopedic Impairment to develop proper posture.

Definition of Other Health Impairments

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 09:41:12 UTC

Other health impairments (OHI) that could affect a student’s achievement in the classroom including having limited strength, vitality or alertness/ sensitivity to environmental stimuli.
These impairments include:

o Asthma

o Attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

o Diabetes

o Epilepsy

o Heart condition

o Hemophilia

o Lead poisoning

o Leukemia

o Nephritis

o Rheumatic fever

o Sickle cell anemia

o Tourette syndrome

Prevalence of OHI

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 09:43:53 UTC

The two leading categories under OHI include asthma and diabetes. However, students with ADHD will probably have the most impact in the classroom and will be looked further.

Teaching Strategies for ADHD Students

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 09:45:19 UTC

Assign work to fit the student’s skill level. ADHD students will avoid classwork that is too difficult or too long.
Offer choices. ADHD students who are given choices for completing an activity produce more work, are more compliant and act less negative.
Show visual reminders. ADHD students respond well to visual cues and examples. For example, illustrate a skill on the board. When start working independently, leave key points about a topic visible.

Assistive Technology for ADHD Students

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 09:48:07 UTC

ADHD students generally have difficulty with concentration, organization and working memory impacting their reading, writing and math skills.

Other Classroom Accommodations for ADHD Students

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 09:50:23 UTC

Extend time during exams
Shorten assignments
Designate a class notetaker
Segment assignments for long-term projects (with separate due dates and grades)

Recap Video for OHI

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 10:19:35 UTC

Prevalence of ADHD Worldwide

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 10:35:03 UTC

~2.2% overall estimated in children and adolescents (aged <18 years)
~2.8% overall estimated in adults (aged 18–44 years)

2. Other Health Impairments

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 13:55:28 UTC

HIGH INCIDENCE

High Tech Assistive Technologies for Orthopedic Impairment

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 14:21:42 UTC

* Ipad
* Voice Recorder
* Speech recognition
software
* Wheelchairs
* Screen reading
software
* Augmentative and
alternative
communication
devices
(such as
communication
boards)
* Academic software
packages for students
with disabilities

Math-related Assistive Tech for ADHD Students

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 15:04:29 UTC

MathTalk: a speech recognition mathematics software which allows the user to voice math.
Talking calculators: pocket-sized/desktop talking calculators, some with alarms to keep students on track.

Reading-related Assistive Tech for ADHD Students

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 15:06:12 UTC

Raz-Kids: a graded reading app for K-Grade 5 with an option to listen to the books.
Kurzweil 3000: allows both visual and auditory feedback to help ADHD students understand and retain what is being read.
Scanning pens: Scanning pens help people with ADHD who have reading difficulties increase their reading comprehension and speed.

Writing-related Assistive Tech for ADHD Students

elainecheung — 2021-07-07 15:07:22 UTC

Dragon Speech Recognition: a speech-recognition software that assists those whose oral skills are more advanced than their writing skills.
Co:Writer Universal: a word prediction program that helps ADHD students expand their vocabulary and express their thoughts easier through writing.

Classroom Accessibility for Students who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-07 16:18:22 UTC

This video was created to demonstrate many of the barriers that can exist for students who are deaf or hard of hearing when in a lecture style class. The challenge for the individuals watching the video is to find as many mistakes or barriers as possible. Follow up activities could include identifying strategies to resolve the problems, role play with the instructor or interpreter how to resolve/ avoid the problems, identify strategies to prevent the barriers in advance or identify people or resources at the school who could provide support.

Teaching deaf students in the inclusive classroom- Part 1

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-07 16:28:56 UTC

This video uses expert interviews and classroom footage to explore some of the conditions that lead to a deaf student's success in an inclusive setting. Topics include the importance of teacher expectations, the role of family background, myths about deafness, the benefits of learning about the individual student, and modifying classroom activities to accommodate deaf students.

Teaching deaf students in the inclusive classroom- Part 2

nicebluetoes — 2021-07-07 16:31:38 UTC

A continuation of "Teaching Deaf Students in the Inclusive Classroom: Part 1," this video uses expert interviews and classroom footage to explore some of the conditions that lead to a deaf student's success in an inclusive setting. Topics include optimal classroom arrangement, how to work with an interpreter, the importance of collaborating with a teacher of the deaf, and ways to frame information to aid deaf students' understanding.

Assistive technology in action: Meet Sam

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 19:28:52 UTC

Sam shows us what it is like to live and thrive with an Orthopedic Impairment.

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 20:28:49 UTC

Alternative Grip Tools

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 20:29:58 UTC

Alternative Grip Tools

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 20:30:32 UTC

Alternative Grip Tools

Teaching Strategies for individuals with Orthopedic Impairment

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 20:40:31 UTC

Orthopedic Impairment

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 20:42:53 UTC

Students with Orthopedic Impairments should be integrated into the classroom as much as possible. They tend to have very little cognitive impairments.

On the other hand what they may need is accommodations such as, specialized seating arrangements, focused instruction with fine motor skill development and making sure they have the necessary assistive technologies needed.

Continued...

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 21:12:19 UTC

Place these students towards the front of the classroom so that they can see any visual displays. Keep clear paths. Safe guard hard edges in the classroom. Provide comfortable seating. This allows them to navigate their way in the classroom.

Overview

katelynmollath — 2021-07-07 21:20:22 UTC

Mind Map Link

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-08 03:59:29 UTC

Mind Map Link

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-08 04:04:22 UTC

Definition

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 07:15:38 UTC

Deafblindness is an impairment that affects a person's ability to see and hear. It also affects the person's ability to communicate, access details, and move about. Conditions vary from mild to severe, with mild conditions being more prevalent.

Statistics

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 07:25:44 UTC

According to a 2018 global study conducted by WFDB and Sense International, these key statistics about people with deafblindness were found across the globe:

*Families with a member who has deafblindness are more likely to be in the bottom 40% of their socio-economic status.
*Kids with deafblindness = 17x less likely to be in school than kids with no disabilitiies, and 2x less likely to be in school than kids with other types of disabilities.
*more likely to be poor
*more likely to also have depression
*may have other impairments
*10x less likely to be employed
*less likely to be married

Low and High Assistive Technologies for Visual Impairment

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 07:55:31 UTC

*Screen readers
Text-to-speech translation
*Braille display
Translation of computerized text into Braille dots
*Dictation
speech-activated program for navigation of websites
*Use of a cane
*Use of a guide dog

Low and High Assistive Technologies for Deafness

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 08:02:18 UTC

*Alerting Devices
Converts audio alerts into visual alerts
*Telecommunications
Video chat, amplifications, text, etc.
*Enhanced Listening
Connection of audio directly to a hearing aid or cochlear implant
*Visual Communication
Audio information converted to visual information with zooming capabilities
*Cochlear implants
*Hearing aids

The Spectrum of Deafblindness

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 08:14:37 UTC

Deafblindness varies greatly from person to person. While one person may be severely hard of hearing and have a slight visual impairment, another could have mild cases of both hearing and vision, and yet another person may have severe impairments with hearing and vision! It's important to take note of this when discussing this condition.

Deafblind Communicator (High Tech)

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 08:24:10 UTC

This device allows a deafblind person to communicate effectively with a sighted person. The device has braille keys and display. Communication is digitally transferred to smartphones.

A Look Inside a Deafblind Classroom

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 08:33:52 UTC

In this video, Martha Majors, the Education Director of the Perkins School for the Blind, advocates and explains the deafblind program at her school. The Perkins School has an effective program that teaches communication via sign language, speech, and media. Martha says learning communication allows her students to socialize, be included, and grow up. Teachers at Perkins are compassionate, which leads to trusting relationships between students and their teachers.

How Can I Help?

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 08:52:28 UTC

John Churcher, a man who is deafblind, says that you can help in these ways:
1. Be patient
2. Look out for red and white stripes on a cane
3. Look out for red and white on a guide dog.

4. Emotional Disturbance

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-08 08:55:37 UTC

HIGH INCIDENCE

Teaching Strategies for Children with Deafblindness

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 09:19:00 UTC

*Try to provide similar experiences that someone without deafblindness has
*Help them create healthy and positive relationships with other people
*One-on-one helper to help the student during classroom instruction
*Use academic materials that the student can feel
*Provide a communication tool, such as a press-activated button with voices
*

Ian's Mind Map (Deafness)

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-08 10:13:34 UTC

Ian made several suggestions on how to help students with hearing impairments, such as using real-time captioning and making sure the students are able to hear the teacher.

DEFINITION

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-08 11:02:54 UTC

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Emotional Disturbance is: “…a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance:

(A) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.

(B) An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.

(D) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.

(E) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.”

Please check this source for more info.

Strategies for Teaching Students with Emotional Disturbances

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-08 11:20:59 UTC

As with other conditions, students with Emotional Disturbances need a positive, structured environment which supports growth, fosters self-esteem, and rewards desirable behavior.

Rules and Routines

Rules need to be established at the beginning of the school year, and must be written in such a way as to be simple and understandable.
The wording of rules should be positive: "Respect yourself and others" is a better rule than "Don't hurt anyone."
Consequences for breaking rules should also be established at the beginning of the school year
The consequences must be consistent and predictable.
Try to avoid becoming emotionally reactive when rules are broken. Routines are very important for classroom management.
Students with emotional and behavioral disorders tend to struggle with transitions and unexpected change.

Never give up on these students!

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-08 12:05:58 UTC

Traumatic Brain Injury Definition

jessicapatton1 — 2021-07-09 01:11:36 UTC

A Traumatic Brain Injury is defined as a physical injury to the brain that results in either partial or total disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects the students ability to learn in school. Traumatic brain injury applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more of the following areas:

cognition
language
memory
attention
reasoning
abstract thinking
judgment
problem-solving
sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities
psychosocial behavior
physical functions
information processing
speech

Mind Map

williamwilson11 — 2021-07-09 04:45:56 UTC

11. Intellectual Disability

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 08:40:16 UTC

LOW INCIDENCE

Definition

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 08:46:09 UTC

Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 22.

Intellectual Functioning

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 08:51:05 UTC

AKA intelligence—refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, etc.
An IQ score of around 70 or as high as 75 indicates a limitation in intellectual functioning.

Adaptive Behavior

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 08:53:32 UTC

The collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that are learned and performed by people in their everyday lives.

Conceptual skills—language and literacy; money, time, etc.
Social skills—interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, naïveté, etc.
Practical skills—activities of daily living (personal care).

Standardized tests can also determine limitations in adaptive behavior.

Age of Onset

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 08:55:04 UTC

There is evidence of the disability during the developmental period, which is defined as before the age of 22.

How to Assess Intellectual Disabilities

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 08:55:53 UTC

Quick Facts

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 09:05:38 UTC

Causes

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 09:05:58 UTC

Intellectual Disability is NOT a disease.

Genetic conditions
Problems during pregnancy
Problems at birth
Health problems

How Common is it?

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 09:07:45 UTC

7-8 million people in the US have an intellectual disability, which means that 1 in 10 families are affected
425,000+ children (ages 3-21) have some level of intellectual disability and receive special education services in public school
7% of the children who need special education have some form of intellectual disability

Treatments and Specialized Education

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-09 09:18:55 UTC

Definition

sarahjbradshaw — 2021-07-09 13:52:56 UTC

According to the DSM-5, autism spectrum disorder is characterized by:

Difficulty with communication and interaction with other people
Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors
Symptoms that hurt the person’s ability to function properly in school, work, and other areas of life

Low-tech accommodations in the classroom

sarahjbradshaw — 2021-07-09 14:08:37 UTC

clearly established and ordered routines, warning and preparation when changes are anticipated
planning and practicing of communication strategies and social routines
earplugs or noise-canceling headsets in hallways or lunchroom
a quiet area where the student can take a time-out if necessary
visual schedules (example below) and graphic organizers
visual or written, rather than auditory, instructions
note taker

Assistive Technologies can improve:

sarahjbradshaw — 2021-07-09 14:14:43 UTC

1. Overall understanding of their environment
2. Expressive communication skills
3. Social interaction skills  Attention skills
4. Motivation skills
5. Organization skills
6. Academic skills
7. Self help skills
8. Overall independent daily functioning skills

Assistive Technology

sarahjbradshaw — 2021-07-09 14:22:20 UTC

Many children with autism do no communicate the same way as their peers. High-tech speech-generating devices (SGDs) use electronic systems to translate a child’s choice of images and symbols, representing words and ideas, into electronically spoken communication that others can easily understand. A typical SGD allows a child to select an image on a tablet or computer touch screen. Then the tablet or computer produces the corresponding spoken words via either recorded audio or synthetically generated speech.

SGDs have been shown to increase the communication abilities of even nonverbal children with ASD. Greater communication ability is also linked to improving behavior issues and improving life-long achievement.

An example of a non-verbal student with ASD using a SGD:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPo1H1eMU9k

For a more complete list of low, mid, and high tech assistive technologies, check out this article by NASET:

According to the National Association of Special Education Teachers (NASET)..

sarahjbradshaw — 2021-07-09 14:34:38 UTC

" Typically, children with autism process visual information easier than auditory information. Any time we use assistive technology devices with these children, we're giving them information through their strongest processing area (visual). Therefore various types of technology from "low" tech to "high" tech, should be incorporated into every aspect of daily living in order to improve the functional capabilities of children with autism. "

Matthew Phillips' Coggle Mindmap

MatthewAPhillips — 2021-07-09 15:33:16 UTC

Assistive Technologies LOW TECH

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-10 01:31:12 UTC

Behavior Charts allow students to visually track behavior changes and positive outcomes
(Henley & Long, 2003)
http://latitudes.org/behavior-charts/
Vision Boards allow students to visually keep track of goals and reminders for appropriate behavior.
Point/Incentive Sheets allow students to keep track of positive reinforcements and can be a great motivational tool.

Priorities for Teachers

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-10 01:35:09 UTC

Asses with care the actual situation of the student by utilizing this MIND MAP
Make learning relevant
Help students establish positive peer relationships
Teach behavior management skills
Identify and deal with depression
Help students deal with stress

Assistive Technologies MID TECH

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-10 01:41:57 UTC

The Talklight - its light flashes according to noise in the room. Helps teach self-monitoring of noise levels and positive reinforcements. http://www.talklight.ws/index-3.html#Cafeteria
Music Players - iPods, mp3 players, and other devices can be used in the classroom to play music and sounds to promote focus and calm.
Reminder Devices - simple vibrations or other observable signals remind a student of their focus behavior http://issuu.com/motivaider/docs/helpkidschange?e=2932338/2596567

Assistive Technologies HIGH TECH

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-10 01:44:45 UTC

Multi-sensory Integrated Technology Programs offer complete sensory cues, prompts, and lessons for social and emotional engagement. Scientifically designed to improve the communication between the heart and brain through the nervous system. http://thinkingmoves.com/

Impact on Education

jessicapatton1 — 2021-07-10 03:03:37 UTC

Children with TBI often present with symptoms similarly to children with other special education conditions that are born with their conditions. TBI is different, and should be treated so, because the children can often times remember how they were before the brain injury, which can result in additional emotional and psychological problems that children born with their condition do not have. For these reasons, TBI needs to have its own classifications and resources to best fit the needs of these specific students.

Assistive Technology

jessicapatton1 — 2021-07-10 03:07:11 UTC

Because TBI is often not differentiated, many of the assistive technology devices are often used with other conditions as well. Both the low tech and high tech assistive technology devices focuses on taking away confusing distractions or structures that allow the student to focus solely on the content of the material they are trying to learn.

Devices for Memory and Organization

jessicapatton1 — 2021-07-10 03:15:26 UTC

These assistive technology devices help students with memory and organization difficulties:

calendar boards
schedule organizers
voice organizers
medication reminders
Smartphones
specialized watches

Devices to Access Information

jessicapatton1 — 2021-07-10 03:15:41 UTC

These assistive technology devices focus on aiding the student to access the educational material:

speech recognition software
screen reading software
tinted overlays for reading (this may help with visual processing)
academic software packages for students with disabilities

Devices for Positioning and Mobility

jessicapatton1 — 2021-07-10 03:16:18 UTC

These assistive technology devices focus on helping the student participate in educational activities:

canes
crutches
wheelchairs
specialized beds
specialized chairs, desks, and tables

Introduction to TBI in Children

jessicapatton1 — 2021-07-10 03:31:02 UTC

What is a Specific Learning Disability?

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 04:22:19 UTC

According to the Churchill Center & School, a national leader in learning disabilities, a Specific Learning Disability can be defined as a "disorder that interferes with a student’s ability to listen, think, speak, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. Students with a specific learning disability may struggle with reading, writing, or math."

Examples of SLDs
Specific Learning Disability is an umbrella term, and testing can show that a student has a disorder in one or multiple subject areas.

Some of the most common SLDs include:
-Dyslexia, a disorder affecting a student's ability to read
-Written Expression Disorder, a disorder affecting a student's ability to write
-Dyscalculia, a disorder affecting a student's ability to do mathematics

Dyslexia

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 04:32:10 UTC

People with dyslexia have trouble with phonological awareness and processing, thus making it difficult to read and write.

A student may read letters incorrectly and have trouble identifying sounds.

Dyslexia does not affect a person's intelligence, but affects reading comprehension and causes difficulty in school.

Written Expression Disorder

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 04:42:50 UTC

Written Expression Disorder is difficulties with communicating ideas in writing.

A student with written expression disorder may write with:
- repetitive language
- words with inaccurate or incorrect meaning
- sentences with incorrect grammar despite spoken fluency
- sentences without clear meaning
- missing details and disorganized writing

Behaviorally, a student may:
-make excuses not to write
-finish their work quickly and carelessly
-complain about not knowing where to begin
-refuse to write at all.

Dyscalculia

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 04:43:05 UTC

"Dyscalculia is defined as a failure to achieve in mathematics commensurate with age, normal intelligence, and adequate instruction.
It is marked by difficulties with:

visualization
visual-spatial perception
counting
pattern recognition
directional confusion
quantitative processing speed
perception of time

Outside of the classroom, people with dyscalculia may have difficulties

handling money
remembering basic math skills
learning left and right
directionality
time awareness

Specialized Reading Instruction

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 04:49:55 UTC

"The Orton-Gillingham Approach is a direct, explicit, multisensory, structured, sequential, diagnostic, and prescriptive way to teach literacy when reading, writing, and spelling does not come easily to individuals, such as those with dyslexia."

Assistive Tech: Audio Learning

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 04:52:42 UTC

For students with dyslexia or written expression disorder, text-to-speech and speech-to-text software can be helpful.

For students with written expression disorder, they can use their speaking voice to "write" rather than write with incorrect grammar, inaccurate language, or sentences without clear meaning. This means they can complete assignments within the curriculum.

For students with dyslexia, they can hear text, enabling them to comprehend much more information than reading alone.

6. Visual Impairment, including Blindness

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 05:24:00 UTC

HIGH INCIDENCE
19% of students ages 3-21

Multiple Disabilities Definition

aetame — 2021-07-10 05:26:07 UTC

Multiple disabilities means that the individual is affected by simultaneous impairments (such as intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-hearing impairment, etc.). The term itself is general and broad, and does not define the following important factors:

- How many disabilities the individual has.

- Which disabilities the individual has.

- The severity of the individual’s disabilities.

For a student to be considered to have multiple disabilities, the combination of their disabilities needs to result in extensive educational needs that cannot be addressed by a special education program designed solely for one of the impairments. The term does not encompass the combination of deaf-blindness.

The cause of Multiple Disabilities is largely unknown, however, many cases are linked to genetic conditions and birth complications.

Definition from IDEA

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 05:43:58 UTC

an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness. (IDEA 201)

Helpful Tips before Professional Evaluation and IEP can be Implemented

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 06:09:00 UTC

1. Always use names before addressing student.
2. Always verbalize instructions and what you are writing. Avoid just relying on gestures and non-verbal cues.
3. Ask "Can you find it?" instead of "Can you see it?"
4. Optimal seating for the students field of view.
7. Using contrasting colors wherever possible.
8. Encourage "follow the leader" when moving around the school, to help give independence.

Understanding Multiple Disabilities

aetame — 2021-07-10 06:11:02 UTC

Impact on Education

aetame — 2021-07-10 06:15:09 UTC

Many of the students considered to have multiple disabilities do have some level of cognitive impairment, but the specific diagnosis of this impairment can often be ambiguous or undetermined. The ability levels of these students can vary widely, from functional academics to basic life skills. However, most of these students are still quite capable of learning at their own level when provided the appropriate materials, teaching strategies, and assistive technologies.

Assistive Technologies

aetame — 2021-07-10 06:17:41 UTC

Due to the nature of multiple disabilities, there is an inherent variance in the assistive technologies that will be helpful for each student, dependent upon the disabilities they are suffering from. The following are some assistive tools that may assist students in various areas.

Examples of Assistive Technology (High Tech)

aetame — 2021-07-10 06:25:52 UTC

Text-to-speech tools
- Useful for students with a learning disability, or any physical disabilities that affect their ability to read.

Assistive Listening Systems
- Designed to help students who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Sip-and-Puff Systems

- These systems allow students to control a computer or mobile object using movements in their mouth.

Proofreading Software
- An enhanced version of normal processing technology that is useful for students with dyslexia or other similar impairments.

How to Teach A Blind or Visually Impaired Student

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 06:27:42 UTC

A Look Inside a Multiple Disabilities Program

aetame — 2021-07-10 06:33:22 UTC

Diagnosis

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-10 06:33:43 UTC

Depends on:

The ability of a person’s brain to learn, think, solve problems, and make sense of the world (called IQ or intellectual functioning)
Whether the person has skills needed to live independently (called adaptive behavior, or adaptive functioning)

Help for School-Aged Children

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-10 06:40:24 UTC

School staff will work with the child’s parents to develop an Individualized Education Program, or IEP
Get in touch with your local public school system

Teaching Self-Regulation in Writing

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 06:42:09 UTC

Useful process for identifying disabilities

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 06:42:36 UTC

Educational Considerations

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-10 06:42:45 UTC

communicating with others
taking care of personal needs
health and safety
home living
social skills
reading, writing, and basic math
skills that will help in workplace

Assistive Technology for Children with Disabilities

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-10 06:49:33 UTC

Ranges from low- to high-tech
Used in two ways: to support learning and to bypass a challenging task such as handwriting
Needs to be embedded within quality instruction

Assistive Technology for dyscalculia

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 06:53:42 UTC

Talking calculators read aloud each number, symbol, or operation key the student presses.
Equation solving tools walk students through the steps of an equation

Accommodations for students with dyscalculia

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 06:54:08 UTC

Active modeling. Using prop money or other tangible manipulatives.
One-on-one instruction.
Cover up clocks. Awareness of time constraints adds stress and further impairs functioning.
Use color-coding as much as possible to add another element of recognition to numbers.
Check answers aloud to allow the student to monitor their own answers.
Allow the use of calculators on exams where they are otherwise prohibited.

Examples of Assistive Technology (Low Tech)

aetame — 2021-07-10 06:54:35 UTC

Graphic organizers
- Useful for helping students with learning disabilities to organize their thoughts.

Wheelchairs
- Allows improved mobility for students with movement disabilities.

Specialized desks/beds
- Allows students to be comfortable at school.

Fidget Toys
- Fidget toys can help students with ADHD or similar impairments maintain their focus.

Low-Tech Assistive Technologies for Visually Impaired

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 06:57:10 UTC

Magnifiers:
- Helpful for student with low vision, when reading
Tactile Teaching Materials:
- Human digestive system
- Braille cube
- Large models
Large Print Materials
- Flash Cards
-Playing Cards
-Posters

Benefits of Computer- assisted Instruction

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-10 07:00:55 UTC

provides students with dynamic feedback
helps students practice spelling and multiplication drills
students need to be taught how to use technology to support their learning

High-Tech Assistive Technologies for Visually Impaired

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 07:08:43 UTC

Braille Sense Writers
- Provides independence for students with reading and writing.

iPads/Tablets
- Multifunctional
-Text-to-speech
-Text and image manipulation

Color Detector

- Giving students the ability to identify color independently.

Talking Watch:
- Empowering students with the skill of unassisted time management.

How to Help Children with Intellectual DisabilitIES Achieve their True Potential

Gabriel_E_Oliveira — 2021-07-10 07:13:02 UTC

Karen O'Conner's thoughts

Classroom Tools for Visually Impaired Students

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 07:25:42 UTC

Low Hearing Impairment

matthewlawrenceedwardhutson — 2021-07-10 07:35:24 UTC

A low-frequency hearing loss is a hearing loss where you cannot hear sounds that occur in the lower end of the frequencies, which are typically frequencies of 2,000 Hz or lower. These frequencies are also called the deeper or low-pitched sounds.

Discovering the disability

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 07:41:57 UTC

Children with learning disabilities are the largest group of children receiving special education services in the United States.
Although cognitive or intellectual disabilities can affect children’s overall learning ability, children with learning disabilities usually have average or above-average intelligence.
However, learning disabilities can affect a child's ability to read, write, spell, or understand mathematical concepts.
Many children with learning disabilities perform at or near grade level in certain school subjects, but perform poorly in other subjects.

Assistive Technologies

matthewlawrenceedwardhutson — 2021-07-10 07:43:54 UTC

Assistive devices are more useful and with the help of these devices “desired sound is sent to the listener’s ears directly with improved signals to background noise ratio and reduce effects of poor room acoustics and diffused sounds”

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1210345.pdf

Getting Evaluated

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-10 07:47:42 UTC

Educators or other professionals may find it difficult to determine whether a child’s learning difficulties are caused by his learning disabilities or visual impairments. It is often difficult to separate one from another.
For this reason, anyone who evaluates your child to determine whether they have a learning disability is choosing the materials for the evaluation, modifying the testing environment so that your child can complete the evaluation, and interpreting the information collected.
If it is determined that your child has a serious learning disability, a team of experts will need to work with other members of your child’s education team to design the teaching to help your child in the area of learning difficulty.

Accommodations for Students with Hearing Loss

matthewlawrenceedwardhutson — 2021-07-10 07:56:29 UTC

If the student can't hear then one way to increase their knowledge is through reading.

'To promote vocabulary development, provide enjoyment: Identify students’ areas of topical interest and then collect a diverse array of reading materials on those topics.'

https://www.unapeda.asso.fr/IMG/pdf/TECHelpingDHH-2.pdf

Teach Students With Hearing Loss Strategies

matthewlawrenceedwardhutson — 2021-07-10 08:10:19 UTC

To teach learning strategies, establish classroom turn-taking routines that ensure students are aware who has been selected to share; also, provide sufficient time for the class to look at the selected student, before he or she responds.

Communication Accommodations to Help Students With Hearing Loss Better Understand:

matthewlawrenceedwardhutson — 2021-07-10 08:14:40 UTC

___Specialized seating arrangements

___Obtain student’s attention prior to speaking

___Reduce auditory distractions (background noise)

___Reduce visual distractions
___Enhance speech reading conditions (avoid hands in front of the face, mustaches well-trimmed, no gum chewing)

___Present information in a simple structured, sequential manner

___Clearly enunciate speech

___Allow extra time for processing information

___Repeat or rephrase information when necessary

___Frequently check for understanding

Accommodations for students with written expression disorder

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-10 08:18:35 UTC

Graphic organizers help students with WED visualize the structure of an assignment.

Sentence starters can have a similar effect in giving students a starting point.

Word prediction software can allow students to create natural sounding sentences.

Matt's Mind Map

matthewlawrenceedwardhutson — 2021-07-10 08:23:06 UTC

Mindmap of struggling students including speech impairments

elainecheung — 2021-07-10 10:45:45 UTC

Techniques for Supporting Positive Behavior

aantonicelli1 — 2021-07-10 11:26:03 UTC

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders often need to receive instruction in a special education setting because their behavior is too maladaptive for a general education classroom. Here are a few ideas to guide and support growth towards more positive, adaptive behavior:

Token Economy - Students earn points, or tokens, for every instance of positive behavior. This takes a fair amount of preparation and organization, but has proven to be quite effective.
Classroom Behavior Chart - A chart which visually plots the level of behavior of every student in the classroom.
Lottery System - Similar to the token economy, students who behave in positive ways are given a ticket with their name on it. These tickets are placed in a jar, and once or twice a week you draw one out.
Positive Peer Review - Students are asked to watch their peers, and identify positive behavior. Both the student who is behaving positively and the student who does the identifying are rewarded.

phillipgodfrey — 2021-07-11 02:12:22 UTC

Other Health ImpairmentsADHDADHDADHDOther Health ImpairmentsOther Health ImpairmentsADHD Assistive TechADHD Assistive TechADHD Assistive TechOther Classroom Accommodations for ADHDOther Health ImpairmentsSpecific Learning DisabilityAutism Spectrum DisorderMultiple DisabilitiesTraumatic Brain InjurySpeech and LanguageDeafnessHearing ImpairmentDeaf-BlindnessOrthopedic Impairment

sarahcotton2 — 2021-07-11 11:02:58 UTC