were facing the death of their most lucrative product.

*In an attempt to escape the fungus, farmers abandoned

infected fields.

*the risk is that another strain of the

disease may rise up to threaten the modified plants too.

Words: fungus, farmers, growing, spread, modified, genetically, export, success, cloned.

1. In the 1950s, Central American banana growers switched from Gros Michel to Cavendish due to Fusarium oxysporum

2. ⁠Despite initial resistance, Cavendish is now threatened by TR-4 and adverse weather, causing a significant drop in Southeast Asian exports.

3. ⁠Latin America’s heavy reliance on Cavendish monoculture poses a major risk if the fungus spreads, prompting scientists to genetically modify bananas.

Keywords:

1. Gros Michel

2. ⁠Fusarium oxysporum cubense

3. ⁠Cavendish

4. ⁠TR-4

5. ⁠Monoculture

2. The fungus's impact caused major economic and environmental harm, prompting extreme measures like deforestation to find new cultivation spots.

3. The Cavendish banana, resistant to the fungus, replaced Gros Michel, despite shipping challenges, revolutionizing banana production.

1. Economic impact.

2. Intensive farming.

3. Cavendish banana.

1. Shoots

2. Stems

3. Roots

4. Fungus

5. Monoculture

Key words

1. Cavendish

2. Fungus

3. Plantation

4. Michel Banana

5. Greenhouse

• Cultivation, modify, monocultures, exporting, lucrative.

Marya and Daphne

There were two types of fungus.

There were failures in trade.

The fungus was modified by Queensland University.

KEYWORDS

Resistant

Bananas

Infections

Shoots

Lucrative product

1. United Fruit, the main grower and exporter in South America at 1950.

2. oxysporum cubense,attacks the plant’s roots and prevents it from transporting water to the stem and leaves.

3. In 2014, South East Asia, another major banana producer, exported four million tons of Cavendish bananas.

• The process that have plantations of bananas in Central America

• The bankruptcy filling plantations with thousands of new plants

• Solving the problem genetically modifying the genes from TR-4 resistant banana species

Keywords

Growing

Produced

Infecting

Species

Rainforest

Nicol Cardenas

The challenge of transforming the banana's vulnerability to Fungus into an strength.

The stealthy spreading of the TR-1 fungus through trucks' tires and boots and how it affected plantations in farms.

An alternative for the loss of Big Mike's bananas plantations, the Cavendish Banana, which was resistant to the TR-1 Fungus.

Key words:

• Disease

• Fungus

• Bananas

• Genetic modification

• Plantations

• 
  

2. In 2015, cavendish exports had fallen 46 percent thanks to a combination of another strain of the fungus, TR-4, and bad weather.

3. Scientists are currently trying to genetically modify the Cavendish.

with resistant genes but some experts

They think it is a temporary solution, like the original Cavendish was, the risk is that another strain will also affect the modified plants.

Words: Thrived, flooded, fungus

The gross michalle banana plant dominated thé plantations of central America

Thé farmers abandoned infected fields

With ots easily transported thick-skinned and sweet-tasting

Key-words

Roots

Fungus fusarium

Cavendish banana

Résistant