Observations by Colette Rugman

Donald McIntyre strengths Theoretical Validity and the journey . some practical - access

lilysmcgrath_2001 — 2018-06-26 10:50:17 UTC

By using participant observation covertly McIntyre was able to find out the unpredictable and get more in-depth. information through being covert in his research. He found out that the football fights were organised within the hoolaginism groups

The Moonies - weakness

rezzkinsxoxo — 2018-06-26 10:51:24 UTC

overt research leads to Hawthorne Effect which can affect validity of data

Eileen Barker spent over 6 years with The Moonies and her overtness means they might not have behaved the same way they would have if she was covert

Milgram strength- Theoretical VALIDITY AS OBJECTIVE

elerigarthie — 2018-06-26 10:53:08 UTC

because milgram was a non participant observation, it meant that the responses of the participants were purely their own and not influenced by his own behaviour which may sway the results especially if he wanted the results to go a certain way therefore it was more objective

Strength of Humphreys Valid and defence of ethics

2018-06-26 10:58:07 UTC

As Humphreys was covert he raised an understanding of an issue which had previously been ignored - he dealt with people sensitively and spent time with the men. He was able to understand the reasons and emotions surrounding the men’s secret meetings. He was praised by the gay community as he uncovered a hidden world.
This increased validity.
Alex and Charlotte

Milgram - Theoretical validity problem

17129631 — 2018-06-26 10:59:10 UTC

Weakness of milgram

In his investigations it wasn’t in a natural setting so therefore he was watching over the participants which may seem false and contrived which may lead to a lack of validity. Because Milgram wasn't involved he couldn't get the detail about why respondents increased the voltage. His theory is his interpretation.

Aimee, Shona & Louis

Milgram weakness Ethical

2018-06-26 11:00:29 UTC

The participants would have been placed under intense emotional and mental pressure when administering the shock. This is an unethical method because it was a covert experiment so the participants never knew that it was an experiment and it made the participant's feel extremely negative when they came to realise that they were capable of inhuman acts.
Riki

MacIntyre/ Pearson Ethics concerns

charliebarratt38 — 2018-06-26 11:01:11 UTC

The weaknesses of using participant observation was that he put himself and others in danger as he got too involved with fights (it was unethical).

Shannon and Charlotte

Headhunters weakness Ethics

2018-06-26 11:01:52 UTC

As he did his research as a covert participant observation, it breaks ethical rules. For example, he could have avoided people getting hurt and the crime even being committed if he had gone the police. Instead he got involved and encourage the behaviour seen by the hooligans.
-George

The moonies strength -Theoretical validity via depth

17128413 — 2018-06-26 11:02:50 UTC

As Eileen Barker studied the moonies overtly for 6 years, she will have gathered a lot of detail and understanding for the Moonies, meaning she can empathise more, letting her operationalise the religious cult more accurately. She could ask things she wouldn’t have been able to as she was covert, she had no worries of blowing her cover as she didn’t give one.
Emily

Eileen baker weakness Theoretical validity

2018-06-26 11:02:58 UTC

The Hawthorne effect would have had an impact on the participant's opinions and values due to the knowledge of her presence, therefore making the result invalidated.
Riki

Donald MacIntyre Weakness

MillieDavis — 2018-06-26 11:04:01 UTC

By participating in the hooliganism, Donald made things happen and encouraged the behaviour that he could have stopped or prevented.
Amiya & Millie

Milgram - weakness

rezzkinsxoxo — 2018-06-26 11:05:04 UTC

covert leads to ethical issues such as deception as the real reason for his research was hidden

Humphreys - Weakness Ethics

2018-06-26 11:08:33 UTC

His covert study was unethical as there was no informed consent and the participants didn’t know they were being observed - deception and invasion of privacy.
Alex and Charlotte

Hargreaves weakness - Theoretical validity

2018-06-26 11:09:51 UTC

The people being researched knew he was there so they may have changed their behaviour in the classroom to make themselves seem better then they really were
-George

All the PO studies have the Theoretical imposition problem in that the results are a product of editing. So Macinytre would edit his results for his journalistic aims

cru1 — 2018-06-26 11:16:01 UTC

Hargreaves, social relations in a secondary school - Non PO Practical and Theoretical

cru1 — 2018-06-26 14:18:07 UTC

As Hargreaves was not fully participating he may have based his finding more on his impressions of what teachers and pupils actions meant and he may have been guided by their views in his interviews. He would have struggled to fully immerse himself. It would have difficult for him to fully participate due to the nature of the topic.

Overt - Barker AND Hargreaves

cru1 — 2018-06-26 14:18:25 UTC

Practical access and also detail give Theoretical validity. By telling people that you are researching them you can probe and ask about issues more easily. So Barker could question the moonies beliefs as it was known that she was a researcher. Hargreaves could question everyone involved in the school openly without concern.