PERFUSION Concept Map: CAD and ACS by Connie Barbour

Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome (Angina and MI)

connbarb — 2021-09-28 15:44:21 UTC

Pathophysiology:

connbarb — 2021-09-28 15:44:32 UTC

Erin Griffin, Addison Wade, Casey Caldwell, Emily Gordon
Atherosclerosis: the build up of plaque against the artery walls

Carlie Hill & Tessa Leandre Coronary Artery Disease Pathophysiology:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHpRrsDSheE

Angina/Heart Attack (MI): angina is chest pain caused by the reduced blood flow to the heart muscle; MI is decreased oxygen delivery through the coronary arteries causing decreased oxygenation to the myocardial

hannah hack:
causes reduced blood flow and higher blood pressure in the small coronary vessels

McKenna Wharton, Hayden Reed, Molly Musgrove, Brianna Keierleber:
Develops when there is decreased blood flow through the arteries causing an inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. The arteries become narrowed due to a buildup of plaque on the arterial walls. The narrowing of the arteries reduces blood flow to the myocardium, which can lead to chest pain or MI.

Laboratory Values to monitor (CUES = Assessments)

connbarb — 2021-09-28 15:44:57 UTC

Carlie Hill & Tessa Leandre
HDL Cholesterol: Males-40-49 mg/dL Females- 50-59 mg/d:
LDL Cholesterol: 100-129 mg/dL
Troponon: 0-0.1
Total Cholesterol: under 200 mg/dL
Triglycerides: under 150 mg/dL

KNOW PEDIATRIC CHOLESTERAL LEVELS
Total Chol greater than 170
LDL 70
HDL
Triglycerides

Molly Musgrove, Hayden Reed, Brianna Keierleber, McKenna Wharton:
Electrocardiogram (ECG): Normal with P, Q, R, S, and T waves present
Total Cholesterol: < 200 mg/dL
HDL: Men: 40-50 mg/dL; Women: 50-60 md/dL
LDL: < 100 mg/dL
Triglycerides: 100-150 mg/dL
Troponin I, T levels

Signs and Symptoms to monitor (CUES = Assessments)

connbarb — 2021-09-28 15:46:32 UTC

Expected (Relevant):
You should expect a fast heart rate or SOB
(Mickaela Boothe, Lenny Bryan Perez)

Worsening:
Heart attack- A completely blocked coronary artery will cause a heart attack. The classic signs and symptoms of a heart attack include crushing pressure in your chest and pain in your shoulder or arm, sometimes with shortness of breath and sweating.

Heart Failure- a condition in which your heart can't pump enough blood throughout your body.

Arrhythmias- a problem with the speed or rhythm of your heartbeat.

Death

(Molly Musgrove, Hayden Reed, McKenna Wharton, Brianna Keierleber)

Priority Medications

connbarb — 2021-09-28 15:47:40 UTC

Category:
BETA-BLOCKERS (OLOLs)
NITRATES

Action:
Nitrates-dilates blood vessels and allows the heart to pump blood with less effort
Beta-blockers- block the beta1- adrenergic and decreases heart rate

S/E to monitor:
Nitrates-headache and hypotension
beta-blockers- lowers heart rate and sex drive anxiety depression

(Shanique Hannah, Milton Johnson, Jodi Gaddy,Timia Hinton)

MONA (emergency, having an active MI/ACS)
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin

ASPIRIN
Action: produces analgesia and reduces inflammation and fever by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. Decreases platelet aggregation.

S/E to monitor:
GI bleeding, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea, hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis.
(McKenna Wharton, Brianna Keierleber, Molly Musgrove, Hayden Reed)

"STATINS"

Nursing Considerations for medications (ACTION to Implement)

connbarb — 2021-09-28 15:48:27 UTC

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS
Monitor Blood pressure, maintain Blood glucose and stop smoking.
(Mickaela Boothe, Lenny Bryan Perez)

TEACHING
How to use Nitrates, when to call 911 and take an aspirin, recognize increasing frequency of angina and seeing the primary care provider.

McKenna Wharton, Brianna Keierleber, Hayden Reed, Molly Musgrove:
ACUTE CARE:
Monitor pain levels, monitor blood pressure, assess for hypersensitivity responses, monitor I/O's, monitor daily weight, monitor heart rate

Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease:

2021-10-14 00:45:09 UTC

Nonmodifiable: advanced age, male sex, women after menopause, and family history through shared genetics and environmental exposure.

Modifiable: dyslipidemia (abnormal concentrations of serum lipoproteins, high levels triglycerides), hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes and insulin resistance, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, atherogenic diet (o.1% cholesterol in diet).
- Modification of these factors can dramatically reduce the risk for CAD.

Landrey Dixon, Emily Justice, Emma-Kate Stiles, OJ Parks