2.5.4: SUM - Malaria Flow Chart FINAL DRAFT by Maximilian (Max) Kim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51 None en-us 2023-12-14 01:18:11 UTC 2023-12-14 03:02:41 UTC hello@padlet.com Stage 1. maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824580601 When an infected female ​Anopheles mosquito feeds on the blood of a ​human, it acquires the ​malaria parasite.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:19:10 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824580601 Stage 2. maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824582381 During the development of the ​malaria parasite inside the ​mosquito, the ingested gametocytes mature into male and female gametes in the mosquito's midgut. The resulting fertilized zygotes develop into motile ​ookinetes, which penetrate the mosquito's midgut wall and form ​oocysts on the outer wall of the midgut. Within the oocysts, ​sporozoites multiply and eventually migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands. This complex developmental process can take about one to two weeks to complete. After this developmental process, the mosquito is ready to spread the malaria parasite to humans.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:20:47 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824582381 Potential Solution: maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824583764 Interfering with this process through insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and larval control can disrupt malaria transmission from mosquitoes to humans. These methods can reduce the ​mosquito population and prevent the transmission of parasites to humans as well as the transmission of parasites from humans to mosquitos.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:21:43 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824583764 Stage 1. maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824597935 The vector of infection for malaria in human beings is mosquitos. Malaria is caused by protists, which are single-celled eukaryotes. There are four or five Plasmodium species that can cause malaria in humans. The transmission of the ​malaria parasite to humans occurs when an infective female ​Anopheles mosquito bites a person and injects the malaria parasites into the person's bloodstream through its saliva, which is the primary transmission mode.



]]> 2023-12-14 01:35:21 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824597935 Stage 2. maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824598289 Once inside the human body, the parasites travel to the ​liver, where they grow and multiply in liver cells before moving to the ​red blood cells, destroying red cells and releasing daughter parasites that continue the cycle by invading other red cells. Erythrocytes are red blood cells that (in humans) are typically biconcave discs without nuclei. Erythrocytes contain the pigment hemoglobin, which imparts the red color to blood and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues. The Erythrocytic stage in the malaria parasite's life cycle is found in the red blood cells. Erythrocytic stage parasites cause the symptoms of malaria. Following the infective bite by the Anopheles mosquito, a period of time (the “incubation period”) goes by before the first symptoms appear. The incubation period, in most cases, varies from 7 to 30 days.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:35:45 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824598289 Stage 1. maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824599785 The effects of the malaria parasite on humans can be severe, causing symptoms such as fever, headache, chills, and flu-like illness.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:37:19 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824599785 Stage 2. maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824600556 If malaria is left untreated, it can progress to become severe enough to lead to kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and death.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:38:10 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824600556 Potential Solution: maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824602457 To prevent contracting malaria from infected mosquitos, measures such as using EPA-registered insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, treating clothing with insecticides, and sleeping under insecticide-treated nets, and being vaccinated can curb the threat almost completely.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:40:05 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824602457 Potential Treatment: maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824609282 Malaria can be treated with intravenous (IV) ​artesunate, ​quinine, or an ​artemisinin derivative. The choice of treatment depends on the clinical status of the patient, the infecting parasite, the area where the infection was acquired, and its drug-resistance status. IV artesunate is the preferred treatment for severe malaria, particularly in regions where the ​malaria parasite is resistant to other drugs. Quinine may be used as an alternative in areas where artesunate is not available or if the patient cannot tolerate artesunate. Artemisinin derivatives may also be used with other ​antimalarial drugs to treat severe malaria, as they rapidly reduce the number of parasites in the blood. These treatments aim to rapidly decrease the parasite load in the patient's body and alleviate symptoms. Additionally, supportive care such as fluid management, blood transfusions, and monitoring for complications like organ failure may be necessary in severe cases.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:46:50 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824609282 ​Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824619718 Control mosquito populations by breeding and releasing sterilized male mosquitoes, leading to a decline in the insect population over time. This method aims to reduce the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria by targeting the reproduction of disease-carrying mosquitoes.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:57:31 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824619718 New Anti-Malaria Mosquito Genetic Technology maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824621017 A new genetic technology called ​Ifegenia has been engineered to suppress populations of ​Anopheles gambiae, which primarily spread malaria in ​Africa. Ifegenia targets and kills female A. gambiae mosquitoes to interrupt their reproduction, reducing the spread of malaria.

]]> 2023-12-14 01:58:41 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824621017 More Research on Creating and Improving Effective Repellants maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824622671 Scientists have been researching to explore both traditional and novel repellent technologies, including botanicals and synthetic compounds such as DEET. They aim to identify the repellents that provide long-lasting protection against mosquito bites and reduce the likelihood of malaria infection.

]]> 2023-12-14 02:00:16 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824622671 Comprehensive Interventions maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824671257 Public health plays a pivotal role in halting the spread of malaria in poor nations through the implementation of comprehensive interventions. These efforts include the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and prompt diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases.



]]> 2023-12-14 02:45:35 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824671257 Education and Awareness maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824674585 Public health initiatives often involve community education to promote awareness about preventive measures, such as eliminating mosquito breeding sites and seeking timely medical care.





]]> 2023-12-14 02:48:43 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824674585 Eventual Improvements maximiliankim https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824676570 Longer-term public health strategies in poor and developing nations will eventually strengthen ​healthcare infrastructure, enhance ​surveillance systems, and coordinate with ​international organizations to ensure a collaborative approach. This will be partially due to their societies beginning to put a greater importance on health and combating malaria.

Public health can effectively combat malaria and pave the way for sustained success in eradicating the disease in the long term.

]]> 2023-12-14 02:50:21 UTC https://padlet.com/maximiliankim/gnctt5smsvaair51/wish/2824676570