History 30 Map by Kylee Horsman

Ottawa, ON

kh959 — 2023-09-11 15:35:20 UTC

Capital of Canada

Vimy, France

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Canada's First Victory

Louis Riel

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Concentration Camps

kh959 — 2023-09-11 15:45:03 UTC

Where the Jewish concentration camps were held

White House

kh959 — 2023-09-11 15:45:54 UTC

New Home for Acadians

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:09:01 UTC

The expulsion of the Acadians, led to the dispersal of Acadian communities across North America , including Louisiana. Many Acadians settled here, and became known as Cajuns. They brought with them, their unique French dialect, traditions, and music, which blended with the local culture to create a unique Cajun identity.

"New France"

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:10:50 UTC

Samuel Champlain was a French explorer and navigator. He played a major role in establishing French colonies in North America, including Quebec City. He is known as the “Father of New France.”

Homeland of Acadians

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:13:19 UTC

Nova Scotia is the original homeland of the Acadians. The expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia during the mid 18th century led to the Acadians forced departure.

Traveling Route for Fur Trade

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:14:36 UTC

The Hudson’s Bay, a large body of water in northeastern Canada, served as a viral trading route for fur traders in the 17th-19th century. The fur trade played an important role in allowing exploration, colonization, and economic development of North America.

Competitive Territory Between First Nations and French

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:17:29 UTC

The Ohio River held strategic importance as a vital transportation route and competitive territory between the First Nations and French. The conflict over the area in the 18th century, was a result of competing interests in controlling the fur trade and establishing territorial dominance in North America. This struggle shaped relationships between First Nations, French settlers.

Champlain's Homeland

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:19:34 UTC

Where Champlain travelled from before he founded New France. Known as the “Father of New France,” Samuel de Champlain played a major role in establishing New France from 1603 to 1635. He is also credited with founding Quebec City in 1608. He explored the Atlantic coastline and the Canadian interior and the Great Lakes region.

Loyalists New Homes

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:25:48 UTC

Holds significance as the destination for loyalists during the American Revolutionary War. Many loyalists, who remained loyal to the British Crown, settled in New Brunswick after the war and were granted land. This influx of loyalist settlers contributed to the province’s cultural diversity and shaped its history, establishing a British influence in the region.

Loyalists Original Homes

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:26:38 UTC

During the American Revolutionary War, many loyalists lived in New York and were forcibly displaced from their homes. The depletion of loyalists from New York exemplified the deep divisions and consequences of the conflict.

Bay of Fundy

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:35:36 UTC

The Bay of Fundy is the location from which Acadians were forcibly displaced. This event had a lasting impact on the culture’s history and heritage.

Royal Proclamation

kh959 — 2023-10-26 15:40:55 UTC

The Royal Proclamation of 1763, issued by the Crown, took place here. The Proclamation established the boundaries of Indigenous lands and sought to regulate colonial expansion. Issued by King George III, the proclamation prohibited settlers from crossing west over the Appalachian Mountains in order to prevent further conflicts between settlers and Native Americans.

Battle of Batoche

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:38:19 UTC

The Battle of Batoche holds significance as a key event during the North West Rebellion of 1885 in Canada. The rebellion, led by Métis leader Louis Riel, resulted in defeat of the Métis forces by Canadian government troops. The battle had profound consequences for Indigenous and Métis rights, as well as the overall settlement of Canada West.

Louis Riel Temporarily Lived Here

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:39:40 UTC

Louis Riel was a prominent Métis leader in Canada who fought for the rights and recognition of Métis people. After playing a crucial role in the red river rebellion and the north west rebellion, Riel faced consequences and was banned from Canada. He temporarily lived in Montana and taught as a teacher.

Louis Riels Place of Birth

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:40:27 UTC

A relationship previously denied to the Métis who stood with Riel over a century ago. Today, we know him as an activist, a politician, and a father of confederation bringing Manitoba into Canada 150 years ago. He was a champion for equal rights, social justice and bilingualism. These values define us as Canadians.

Gabriel Dumont's Place of Birth

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:41:56 UTC

Dumont was a prominent hunt chief and warrior, but is best known for his role in the 1885 North-West Resistance as a key Métis military commander and ally of Louis Riel. He fought for decades for the economic prosperity and political independence of his people.

Charlottetown Conference

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:43:14 UTC

Charlottetown holds significance as the birthplace of the Canadian Confederation. In 1864, the Charlottetown conference brought together representatives from various British North American colonies to discuss the possibility of forming a federal union. This conference laid the groundwork for the negotiations that led to the formation of Canada in 1867.

John A MacDonald's Place of Birth

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:43:56 UTC

Macdonald was the leading figure in the discussions and conferences, which resulted in the British North America Act and the establishment of Canada as a nation on July 1, 1867. Macdonald was the first prime minister of the new nation, and served 19 years.

First Capital Province of Canada

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:44:42 UTC

Kingston, Ontario, holds significant historical and cultural importance in Canada. It was the first capital of the United Province of Canada from 1841 to 1844 and played a crucial role in the development of the nation. John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada, lived here while he was the Prime Minister. It holds great significance in the country's history. Macdonald was instrumental in the Confederation of Canada and played a crucial role in shaping the nation's early governance and policies. His leadership and vision laid the foundation for Canada's development as a unified and prosperous country.

George Brown's Place of Birth

kh959 — 2023-12-19 15:45:17 UTC

George Brown is best known as the founder and editor of the Toronto Globe. It was Canada's most influential newspaper at the time. He was also known for his leadership in the founding of the Liberal Party in 1867. He had opposing views to John A MacDonald.

Treaty 1

kh959 — 2024-01-09 15:41:18 UTC

First Nations signed this treaty with the beliefs that it was the only way for them to survive and adjust to a new way of living with the drastic changes that were coming to their land. They needed to befriend their enemies. It also marked the beginning of a long list of treaties that were to come over the next couple of decades. This signifies the Canadian government's growing interest in the West. To them, it was more than just a trading hub, but a suitable place for developing agriculture and growing populations of settlers.

Treaty 2

kh959 — 2024-01-09 15:44:57 UTC

Treaty 2 was negociated and entered in August 1871. This treaty established that there were reserves to be created, as well as a school maintained by the British, in each reserve. The treaty reaffirmed the inherent rights that the Anishinaabe had prior to European contact, located where southwestern Manitoba is today and a small part of southeastern Saskatchewan.

Treaty 4

kh959 — 2024-01-09 15:51:08 UTC

Signed on September 15, 1874. Treaty 4 ceded Indegenous territory to the federal government, in exchange for payments, provisions, and rights to reserve land. Although there were some disagreements among the bands about treaty terms, the leaders were willing to accept the same terms offered in Treaty 3. The Indigenous peoples also asked for an annual payment of $15 per person and for the government to clear their debts to the Hudsons Bay Company, but these requests were refused.

Treaty 5

kh959 — 2024-01-09 15:55:28 UTC

Signed in 1875-76 by the federal government. In exchange for access to an area of approximately 100,000 square miles, the Indians of Treaty 5 were to receive reserves of 160 acres per family of five, annuities of $5 per year, clothing and medals, articles for cultivation, education, and the right to hunt, fish and trap; they were to ban alcohol and to keep peace.

Treaty 6

kh959 — 2024-01-10 15:30:59 UTC

Treaty 6 promised a medicine chest at the house of the Indian agent on reserve. As well as protection from famine and pestilience. The treaty contained, surrender of Indian land rights; provision of assistance in the transition to an agricultural economy, provision of reserves, establishing schools on reserves, and annuities of $5 per person (more to chiefs and headmen.)

Treaty 7

kh959 — 2024-01-10 15:32:14 UTC

The Treaty gave rights of Indigenous people and support and protection of the Queen. These included rights that Indigenous people could hunt and fish and had provisions on their land. The treaty established a delimited area of land for the reserves, promised annual payments, provisions, or both, from the Crown to the tribes and promised continued hunting and trapping rights on the "tract surrendered".

Treaty 8

kh959 — 2024-01-10 15:34:47 UTC

As Treaty 8 was signed, it gave Aboriginal signatories the necessary materials to carry out these land-based harvesting rights. It also includes a commitment to transition them to a new economy that would be brought about by non-Aboriginal settlement.

Treaty 9

kh959 — 2024-01-10 15:36:26 UTC

In Treaty 9, First Nations pledged themselves not to interfere with white men who might come into the country surveying, prospecting, hunting, or in other occupations; that they must respect the laws of the land in every particular, and that their reserves were set apart for them in order.

Treaty 10

kh959 — 2024-01-10 15:38:25 UTC

Treaty 10 was signed here. In exchange for more land, the First Nations were promised reserves, education, farming supplies, the right to fish, hunt, trap, as well as annual cash payments.

Treaty 11

kh959 — 2024-01-10 15:40:07 UTC

Treaty 11 gave the government more land, and promised the FN people reserve lands, annuities, and the rights to hunt, and fish on unoccupied Crown Lands.

Treaty 3

kh959 — 2024-01-10 15:41:30 UTC

Treaty 3 was signed here. Friendship and mutual respect and support was agreed. Binding as one. Treaty 3 members can harvest fish or wildlife for personal consumption, or for social or ceremonial purposes, and are not required to hold the otherwise applicable Ontario license.

Battle of Duck Lake

kh959 — 2024-01-19 15:49:52 UTC

The Battle of Duck Lake took place on 26 March 1885, the first in a series of battles known as the North-West Resistance. This battle was considered an important victory for the Métis.

North West Rebellion

kh959 — 2024-01-19 15:53:57 UTC

The North West Rebellion occured due to the rising concern and insecurity among the Metis about their land rights and survival following an influx of white settlers. As well as a decline in bison—a major food source for the Metis peoples in west central Canada.

Allied Forces Invasion

kh959 — 2024-01-19 15:57:55 UTC

Allied forces launched the largest amphibious invasion in the history of warfare. Codenamed Operation 'Overlord', the Allied landings on the beaches of Normandy marked the start of a long and costly campaign to liberate north-west Europe from Nazi occupation.

Canadian's Take Vimy Ridge

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:12:54 UTC

The British and French had tried to take the German stronghold for three years. 100 000 Canadian soldiers fought together for the first time, led by Arthur Currie. Canadians took the Ridge in 3 days. A memorial to Canadian soldiers, stands on Ridge in France today.

Oil "Boom Town"

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:16:42 UTC

Canada was industrializing rapidly in the early 20th century. Oil was a necessity, which was discovered in Alberta, when oil was significant for their economy. Calgary explodes in size. 1st oil “Boom Town,” then it exceeds to areas like Edmonton, Red Deer, and Medicine Hat follow. Canada is the 5th largest exporter of oil in the world.

General Strike

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:19:37 UTC

In May 1919, Winnipeg had a General Strike. Helen Armstrong was important in getting women involved and in feeding protesters. There were no jobs. The available jobs had little pay, and terrible working conditions. There were also zero worker’s rights.The strike lasted over a month. The government feared this was a communist revolution, like in Russia. This made them nervous. The government sent in the RCMP which led to violence. Two protesters died, and many more were injured.

Leaglized Alcohol

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:22:29 UTC

1920’s Prohibition makes alcohol illegal everywhere, but Montreal, Canada. Montreal was also the largest port in Canada. The liquor sales tax was also great for the economy, but it brought in lots of tourists and crime. Bootleggers and their criminal bosses sewed corruption in all levels of law enforcement and government.

Fairway Crested WheatGrass Company

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:25:37 UTC

In 1929 the Stock Market crashes, triggering the “Great Depression” in the 1930’s. For the Prairies, the price of wheat was at an all time low while there was the start to the worst drought in 300 years. It led to 250 000 farmers/families abandoned their fields. Dust Storms were very common and dangerous as fine dust got inside home/choking hazard, destroyed only growing crops. A company called, “Fairway Crested WheatGrass” developed in Ottawa, created a drought resistant with roots that would hold soil down.

WWII Dry Dock

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:28:01 UTC

Vancouver had the largest dry dock in Canada for ship building. Women were important in working for the industry. There were over 100 working for the Vancouver dock. U boats sink over 100 ships in Battle. However, Now technology, like radar, depth changes, and “Hedgehogs” were effective in convoy defense against U boats.

Canadians Attack at Juno Beach

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:31:52 UTC

Juno Beach was the Allied code name for a 10 km stretch of French coastline. Canadians attack Juno Beach. Soldiers faced artillery and machine gun fire, mines, barbed wire, and many other obstacles. Canada suffers over 1000 loses the first day. However they still reach their objectives and successfully capture their shoreline positions at Juno Beach.

Canadian Army's role in the "Liberation of Holland"

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:35:14 UTC

"Liberation of Holland." The First Canadian Army's role in this period was to open up the supply route to the north through Arnhem, in the Netherlands. Next they were to clear the northeastern part of the country, the coastal belt of Germany eastward to the Elbe River, and western Holland. Through the hard work, courage and great sacrifices of Canadian and other Allied soldiers, the remaining German forces in the country surrendered on May 5, 1945, finally liberating all of the Netherlands.

Canadian Nurses in WWI

kh959 — 2024-01-23 15:41:20 UTC

Canadian Women nurses served in a total of thirty military hospitals. They cleared stations in France, Belgium, Greece, Malta and Eastern Mediterranean. The work was hard and dangerous. The nursing in war was a major contribution. On May 19, 1918 No. 1 Canadian General Hospital in Étaples was bombed, and 3 nurses were killed.

Connection: Acadians Occupied New Areas

kh959 — 2024-01-30 16:41:33 UTC

The Acadians who returned home to Nova Scotia in the 1780s and 1790s found their former settlements occupied by American Settlers and loyalists. As a result they moved to new areas in western Nova Scotia. In these areas, they drew a living from farming inshore fishing, lumbering and shipbuilding.

Connection: French Origins

2024-01-30 16:54:12 UTC

Quebec city was was the most developed colony of New France as well as New France's center, responsible for a variety of dependencies. French language, cuisine, traditions, and Catholicism are all part of the cultural heritage that has been passed down through generations. Because of its history, Quebec is changed forever, and our Country has two main languages.

Connection: Royal Proclamation Establishes Areas

2024-01-30 17:01:42 UTC

The proclamation also established three new mainland colonies: Quebec, West Florida and East Florida, while extending Georgia's southern border and granting land to soldiers who had fought in the Seven Year's War. The proclamation was largely ineffective in preventing western settlement, and served only to anger both settlers and the political elite who had invested in western land speculation.

Connection: Batoche National Historic Site

2024-01-30 17:04:17 UTC

Today, Batoche is now a national historic site, although the church and rectory are the only buildings standing from 1885. Remains of the Métis rifle pits and Middleton's camp can be seen, and Dumont and other Métis leaders are buried in the cemetery nearby.

Connection: Louis Riel’s Monument

kh959 — 2024-01-30 17:23:23 UTC

The statue serves as a memorial to Louis Riel’s contributions and legacy. Riel led two significant resistance movements, the Red River Rebellion and the North West Rebellion. These rebellions were driven by the goal of protecting rights, land, and culture of the Métis People.

Connection: Louis Riel Sculpture

kh959 — 2024-01-30 17:28:52 UTC

The original statue commemorating Louis Riel was erected on the grounds of the Legislative building in 1971, in honour of Manitoba’s Centennial the previous year. An Artists abstract sculpture within a cylindrical structure, depicts Riel’s tortured soul.

Connection: James Bay and Northern Quebec

kh959 — 2024-01-30 17:36:06 UTC

While not strictly a treaty, James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement signed in 1975, is an important modern agreement with the Cree and Inuit peoples in Northern Quebec.

Connection: Treaty 4

kh959 — 2024-01-30 17:43:09 UTC

Treaty 4 covers large area southern Saskatchewan and parts of Manitoba. The signing of treaty 4 represents a significant event in history of land dispossession and negotiation of Indegenous rights in Canada. Like other treaties, treaty 4 is ongoing for the process of reconciliation, dialog, and collaboration.

Connection: Nisga’a Final Agreement

kh959 — 2024-01-30 17:50:07 UTC

Signed in 2000, a modern treaty between the Nisga’a nation and the government of Canada and British Columbia. It grants the Nisgra’a people self government powers, ownership of land, and the ability to manage their resources. This connects to the treaties we signed here in Saskatchewan with the First Nations people.

Connection: Oil

kh959 — 2024-01-30 18:05:17 UTC

In November 1979, oil in Newfound was discovered. The first major oil discovery in the Canadian offshore is made when the Glomar Atlantic drills the Hibernia. Since 2004, the oil sector has paid an annual average of $1.3 billion to the province.

Connection: Canada’s Most Important Battle

kh959 — 2024-01-30 18:11:19 UTC

Vimy Ridge had been held by the Germans for 3 years, and the Canadians took it in 3 days. Today, this battle is forever remembered as the most important battle for Canada. The Canadians demonstrated bravery. There is a monument up today in their honour.

Connection: Dry Dock Today

kh959 — 2024-01-30 18:16:00 UTC

As a ship repair and maintenance facility, the dry dock has continued operations of the maritime sector in Vancouver. The dry dock has an economic impact by generating employment opportunities and supporting related industries. The dry docks continued operation contributes to the local ecosystem by attracting business.