Retinol supports reproduction.

Retinal is crucial for vision.

retinoic acid is important for gene expression.

Beta-carotene

Xerophthalmia

The four common symptoms can be remembered as the 4 D’s.

Dermatitis, diarrhea, death, dementia.

Dermatitis is the inflammation of the skin.

Dementia is neurological issues that cause confusion, memory loss, and depression.

Answer: protects cell membranes and lipids from oxidative damage

What is the main deficiency symptoms of vitamin E?

Answer: muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation and visual problems

What is RDA from vitamin E in adults?

Answer: 15 milligrams per day

Vitamin B6 helps break down amino acids in order to make the neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA

A: The primary role of vitamin K is to help your blood clot properly and support healthy bones.

Q: What bone protein requires vitamin K to bind minerals?

A: Osteocalcin

Q: Why are newborn infants given a vitamin K injection at birth?

A: To prevent a condition called Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB).

Main points:

• Intestinal Absorption

• Mineralization

• Calcium Homeostasis

• Bone remodeling

2. Riboflavin's major function in energy metabolism is acting as a precursor to the coenzymes FAD and FMN, which are crucial electron carriers in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions essential for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into ATP, the cell's primary energy currency

3. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) deficiency can cause skin issues like dermatitis and cracks at the mouth's corners, eye problems such as light sensitivity and blurred vision, and general symptoms like fatigue, anemia, and sore throat

B12 activates folate, but without each other, DNA synthesis fails and both deficiencies cause megaloblastic anemia. B12 deficiency also causes nerve damage.

Malnutrition: People with malnutrition may not get enough vitamin K from their diet.

Liver Disease: Conditions like cirrhosis can impair fat absorption, which is necessary to absorb vitamin K.

Certain Medications: Drugs like some antibiotics (e.g., certain cephalosporins), anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), and anticonvulsants can interfere with vitamin K and increase the risk of deficiency.

Malabsorption Conditions: Diseases like cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, or conditions causing chronic diarrhea can prevent the body from absorbing fats, including vitamin K.

2.) Fat-soluble vitamins can cause toxicity because they are stored in tissue and don't get flushed out

3.)factors that affect the bioavailability of food in vitamins in food are. health status food metrics,nurtience chemical form, digestive health, and age

Synthesis:

1. In the skin (7 dehydrocholesterol)

2. Ultraviolet light from the sun = Previtamin D3

3. Heat from the Body = Vitamin D3 ( Calciol)

4. Synthesis front diet : Vitamin D2 ( plants )

   Vitamin D3 (animals)

5. ^ = vitamin D3

Activation : From Vitamin D3 ( Calciol)

1. In the liver: Hydroxylation - Calcidiol

2. In the kidneys: Hydroxylation - Calcitriol