PENOLOGY FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT by Neena Patel

Frances Crook stated that 'the whole system needs radical overhaul' and that 'a small, ethical and compassionate prison system would save the taxpayer a fortune, change lives and transform incarceration for good.'

patelneena35 — 2022-02-04 14:09:01 UTC

S T R E N G T H S

patelneena35 — 2022-02-04 14:10:34 UTC

B A R R I E R S

patelneena35 — 2022-02-04 14:10:57 UTC

ozangarip — 2022-02-04 14:27:47 UTC

Violence - Ozan

ozangarip — 2022-02-04 14:32:09 UTC

Violence in prisons is now out of control. Causes for prison violence include poor prison management, drugs, gang related activity.

Smaller Prisons - Neena

patelneena35 — 2022-02-04 14:46:28 UTC

- tend to have a less bureaucratic hierarchy
- gossip and ostracism are powerful forms of social control in smaller communities
- more opportunities for privacy and autonomy

References

patelneena35 — 2022-02-04 14:49:47 UTC

More Compassionate Prison - Neena

patelneena35 — 2022-02-11 14:07:25 UTC

The Nordic prison system uses the "principle of normality" to provide an environment for offenders to "change their criminal behaviour"
(About the Norwegian Correctional Service - Kriminalomsorgen.no, 2022)

Students

patelneena35 — 2022-02-11 14:10:49 UTC

Neena Patel - N0940538
Bleu Wildman- N0970801
Lucy Proverbs - N0905105
Ozan Garip - N0945217
Ciara Leonard - N0920344

Women in Prison - Bleu

ozangarip — 2022-02-11 14:30:59 UTC

Women make up 5% of the prison population. Incidents of self-harm by female prisoners were reported.
Last year self-harm incidents per 1,000 inmates increased by 5% in female establishments.

Overpopulation - Lucy

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 14:45:06 UTC

Prison population rose by 30% between 2001 and 2011
(Dockley, Anita., Loader, Ian., 2013)

Sentencing - Ozan

ozangarip — 2022-02-11 14:45:24 UTC

The reason for over-populating the Prison system is due to the inflation of sentencing even though people being sent to prison has fallen.

What's wrong with the current penal system that needs to be changed? - Neena

patelneena35 — 2022-02-11 14:45:57 UTC

- overcrowding
- recidivism
- drugs
- violence

Books

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 14:47:09 UTC

Dockley, A. & Loader, I. (2013) The penal landscape : the Howard League guide to criminal justice in England and Wales. [Online]. Abingdon, Oxon ;: Routledge.

ozangarip — 2022-02-11 14:50:22 UTC

Lack of funding - Lucy

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 15:37:05 UTC

Visual Aids

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 15:50:09 UTC

CIPFA, 2019. Prisons [Online]. Available via: Institute for Government [Accessed 11 February 2022]. [gra.].

Great Britain. Ministry of Justice, 2019. Prison Population Projections 2019 to 2024 England and Wales. London: National Statistics.

Recidivism due to independent variables - Bleu

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 16:13:01 UTC

Socio-economic factors
Behaviour models used for prediction of penal population
(Grimes, P.W,. Rogers, K.E,. 1999)

Articles

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 16:21:45 UTC

“About the Norwegian Correctional Service. Kriminalomsorgen.” Directorate of Norwegian Correctional Service. Available at: https://www.kriminalomsorgen.no/?cat=265199

Denny, Meagan (2016) "Norway's Prison System: Investigating Recidivism and Reintegration," Bridges: A
Journal of Student Research: Vol. 10 : Iss. 10 , Article 2.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/bridges/vol10/iss10/2

Grimes, P. W. & Rogers, K. E. (1999) Truth-in-sentencing, law enforcement, and inmate population growth. The Journal of socio-economics. [Online] 28 (6), 745–757.

Skarbek, D. (2020). Smaller Prisons are better. Available: https://blog.oup.com/2020/09/smaller-prisons-are-smarter/. [Accessed 16 February 2022]

Trend Forecasting Models - Lucy

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 16:44:46 UTC

Public policies to reduce the net inflow of prisoners into the correctional system overtime.
Increasing the number of full time law enforcement officers
(Grimes, P.W,. Rogers, K.E,. 1999)

LucyProv — 2022-02-11 16:54:17 UTC

Reports

patelneena35 — 2022-02-16 16:34:01 UTC

GOV.UK. 2022. Safety in Custody Statistics, England and Wales: Deaths in Prison Custody to December 2021, Assaults and Self-harm to September 2021. [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 February 2022].

Prison Reform Trust, 2022. Bromley Briefings. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 February 2022].

Journals

patelneena35 — 2022-02-16 16:38:08 UTC

Cullen, F. T., Jonson, C. L. and Nagin, D. S. (2011) ‘Prisons Do Not Reduce Recidivism: The High Cost of Ignoring Science’, The Prison Journal, 91(3_suppl), pp. 48S-65S. doi: 10.1177/0032885511415224. >[Accessed 17th Febuary 2022].

Howardleague.org. 2022. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 February 2022].

Madoc-Jones, I., Williams, E., Hughes, C. and Turley, J., (2016) 'Prison building ‘Does size still matter?’: A Re-Assessment', Prison Service Journal, Vol.227, pp.4-10. Available at: https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/publications/psj/prison-service-journal-227 >( Accessed 18th February 2022).

The Cost - Ozan

ozangarip — 2022-02-17 19:43:22 UTC

It is more expensive to keep prisoners in a more ethical and compassionate prison system. As seen in the Nordic Prison System.

ozangarip — 2022-02-17 19:46:04 UTC