https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long en-us 2016-12-05 19:12:25 UTC 2025-10-06 10:16:08 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Send.png felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141854671 Matter is neither created nor destroyed.]]> 2016-12-05 19:14:43 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141854671 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141859007 Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.]]> 2016-12-05 19:27:17 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141859007 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141859386 E=mc^2]]> 2016-12-05 19:28:22 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141859386 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141860511 Energy is proportional to mass.]]> 2016-12-05 19:32:25 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141860511 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141861179 2016-12-05 19:34:34 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141861179 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141862950 Chloroplasts absorb energy from the sun and store it as ATP and NADPH. Oxygen molecules are separated from water. ]]> 2016-12-05 19:39:39 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141862950 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141865694 Chlorophyll absorbs light energy to make NADPH and ATP.]]> 2016-12-05 19:48:10 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/141865694 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142443785 Carbon Dioxide, ATP and NADPH are used to make glucose.]]> 2016-12-07 23:21:34 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142443785 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142445366 Light energy is absorbed through chlorophyll making a product of ATP.]]> 2016-12-07 23:46:22 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142445366 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142445748 2016-12-07 23:51:46 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142445748 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446055 Inputs-
-H2O (water)
-CO2 (carbon dioxide)
-light

Outputs-
-O2 (oxygen)
-C6H12O6 (glucose)]]> 2016-12-07 23:57:37 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446055 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446571 - Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen
- Anaerobic Respiration: does NOT require oxygen]]> 2016-12-08 00:07:11 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446571 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446675 1. Glycolysis (anaerobic)
2. Krebs Cycle (aerobic)
3. Electron Transport Chain (aerobic)]]> 2016-12-08 00:09:02 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446675 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446798 - takes glucose (C6H12O6) and breaks it up - it creates 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

- occurs in the cytoplasm (the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria)]]> 2016-12-08 00:11:05 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142446798 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142452761 1. The energy of 2ATP is used to convert glucose into 2 molecules of PGAL.

2. The 2 molecules of PGAL will be oxidized to produce 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid is a chemical compound.

3. As the PGAL is oxidized, 2 molecules of NAD+ will be reduced to form 2 molecules of NADH. These will be used in the electron transport chain.

4. The oxidation of PGAL also results in the production of 4ATP.

5. Pyruvic acid may:
     a) enter the mitochondrion for the Krebs cycle
     b) remain in the cytoplasm for fermentation

*oxidation: added oxygen]]> 2016-12-08 01:30:51 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142452761 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142453980 releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the cell.]]> 2016-12-08 01:48:11 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142453980 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142454188 Products of Photosynthesis = Reactants of Cellular Respiration ]]> 2016-12-08 01:51:13 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142454188 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142924437 1. Even though cellular respiration is an energy releasing process, the cell must invest a small amount of energy to get the reaction going.

2. 2 molecules of ATP are consumed at the beginning, but 4 molecules of ATP are produced at the end of glycolysis .

3. Glycolysis has a gain of 2ATP.]]> 2016-12-09 23:30:55 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142924437 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142924605 1. During this reaction, 2 high-energy electrons are removed from each PGAL. These electrons are passed to the electron acceptor NAD+.

2. NAD+ in respiration is similar to NADP+ in photosynthesis.

3. Each NAD+ accepts a pair of electrons to form NADH.

4. This NADH holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules.

5. NAD+ helps to pass energy from glucose to other pathways in the cells.]]> 2016-12-09 23:38:31 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142924605 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927313 An autotroph is a producer that creates complicated molecules using simple compounds in the atmosphere around it and produces these changes using light energy.

Example: plants]]> 2016-12-10 01:41:47 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927313 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927496 A heterotroph is a consumer that is unable to create the organic compounds it needs in order to survive so it takes the things it needs from autotrophs.

Examples: animals, protozoa, fungi, and most bacteria]]> 2016-12-10 01:50:14 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927496 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927677 animals that eat plants.]]> 2016-12-10 01:56:08 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927677 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927706 an animal or person that eats plants and meat]]> 2016-12-10 01:57:28 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927706 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927711 an animal that eats meat]]> 2016-12-10 01:57:36 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927711 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927855 soil bacterium, fungi, or invertebrate, that decompose organic material]]> 2016-12-10 02:03:24 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927855 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927962 2016-12-10 02:08:27 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142927962 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928001 2016-12-10 02:10:42 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928001 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928092 2016-12-10 02:15:53 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928092 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928460 Elements: C, H, O, N, S
Examples: Meats, Dairy, Eggs]]> 2016-12-10 02:37:44 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928460 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928531 Elements: C, H, O
Examples: Fats, Waxes, Steroids, Oils]]> 2016-12-10 02:42:40 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928531 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928869 Elements: C, H, O
Examples: Bread, Pasta, Tortillas]]> 2016-12-10 02:59:36 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142928869 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929010 Elements: C, H, O, P, N
Examples: DNA, RNA]]> 2016-12-10 03:05:02 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929010 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929150 Amino acids are created during photosynthesis.]]> 2016-12-10 03:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929150 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929223 The reactants in cellular respiration are the same as the products in photosynthesis. The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products in cellular respiration. It is an ongoing cycle.]]> 2016-12-10 03:12:15 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929223 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929605 Photosynthesis alters the Earth’s atmosphere by using carbon dioxide and making a product of oxygen. In order to function properly, living things need oxygen in order perform cellular respiration. Photosynthesis also makes a product of glucose. Also, in order to perform cellular respiration, living things also need glucose. When plants produce oxygen it also makes the air cleaner.]]> 2016-12-10 03:24:59 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929605 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929803 Energy is transformed from light, along with water and carbon dioxide, into oxygen and glucose (matter). Living things need and cannot survive without glucose and oxygen, because they need those in order to perform cellular respiration. ]]> 2016-12-10 03:33:25 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929803 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929961 Plants need carbon dioxide to perform photosynthesis and makes a product of oxygen. Cellular respiration requires oxygen. In return, we living things produce carbon dioxide and plants require that for photosynthesis. It is an endless cycle.]]> 2016-12-10 03:39:45 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/142929961 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143470434 1. Glycolysis only produces a gain of 2ATP per molecule of glucose, but the process is so fast that 1000's of ATP are produced in just a few milliseconds.

2. Another advantage is that glycolysis does not require oxygen. Energy can be produced for the cell even if no oxygen is present.

3. Disadvantage: If the cell relied only on glycolysis for ATP production, the cell would quickly run out of NAD+ to accept the hydrogen electrons. Without NAD+, the cell cannot keep glycolysis going and ATP production would stop. To keep glycolysis going, the NADH must deliver their high-energy cargo of electrons to another pathway, and then return to glycolysis to be used ]]> 2016-12-13 19:37:36 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143470434 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143748549 1. In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid will enter the mitochondria and undergo aerobic respiration.

2. Aerobic respiration includes the stages known as the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
3. Aerobic respiration will yield many more ATP than glycolysis.


]]> 2016-12-14 23:22:48 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143748549 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143748778 1. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid will enter the anaerobic pathways of fermentation.

2. Fermentation yields no 
additional ATP.

3. This occurs in the cytoplasm.]]> 2016-12-14 23:26:31 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143748778 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749164 2 major stages:
- Krebs cycle
- Electron Transport Chain (ETC)]]> 2016-12-14 23:33:21 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749164 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749264 1. The oxidation of glucose is completed

2. The hydrogen that is removed from pyruvic acid will be accepted by NAD+ to form NADH.

3. There will be a small yield of ATP.]]> 2016-12-14 23:35:16 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749264 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749321 1. The NADH that has been produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle will be used to produce ATP.

2. Most of the ATP produced during aerobic respiration is produced in the electron transport chain.]]> 2016-12-14 23:36:35 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749321 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749436 1. In prokaryotic cells, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in the cytoplasm and along special structures of the cell membrane.

2. In  eukaryotic  cells, these reactions occur inside the mitochondria. If oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid that was produced during glycolysis will enter the mitochondria for aerobic respiration.]]> 2016-12-14 23:38:46 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749436 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749774 A. It is surrounded by a double membrane.
1. Outer membrane
2. Inner membrane
3. Matrix
4. Cristae

B. The matrix is the space inside the inner membrane. It contains the enzymes that are needed for the reactions of the Krebs cycle as well as mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes.

C. The inner membrane has folds and loops called cristae. The cristae increases surface area for the reactions of the respiration process.

D. The Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and the electron transport chain occurs in the cristae membranes.

E. At the end of glcolysis, about 90% of the chemical energy that was available in the glucose molecule is still unused. This energy is locked in the high energy electrons of pyruvic acid.]]> 2016-12-14 23:45:50 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143749774 felicitylong001 https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143750521 1. Pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria.

2. The 3-C pyruvic acid is converted to 2-C acetate. This is accomplished by removing a molecule of CO2 from each molecule of pyruvic acid. The carbon dioxide is released into the air.

3. For each pyruvic acid that is converted to acetate, one molecule of NAD+ is converted to NADH. 

4. Coenzyme A attaches to the acetate to form acetyl CoA. The acetyl-CoA will be used in the Krebs cycle.

5. This reaction is often referred to as "The Bridge Reaction". It is the bridge between
a) the cytoplasm and the mitochondria
b) anerobic and aerobic respiration
c) glycolysis and the Krebs cycle]]> 2016-12-15 00:00:18 UTC https://padlet.com/felicitylong001/cougars_long/wish/143750521