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      <title>The Fifth Amendment  by Madison Manley</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/smm00035/givq4nxzrtivquo7</link>
      <description>The Fifth Amendment</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2021-03-16 15:57:16 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-04-13 11:38:17 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>Fifth Amendment</title>
         <author>smm00035</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/smm00035/givq4nxzrtivquo7/wish/1316476257</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-03-16 16:00:55 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>History</title>
         <author>smm00035</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/smm00035/givq4nxzrtivquo7/wish/1316518412</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The <a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html#amendmentv">Fifth Amendment</a> to the U.S. Constitution provides that “no person …  shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.” The right was created in reaction to the excesses of the <a href="http://www.britainexpress.com/History/tudor/star-chamber.htm">Courts of Star Chamber</a> and High Commission—British courts of equity that operated from 1487-1641. These courts utilized the inquisitorial method of truth-seeking as opposed to the prosecutorial, meaning that prosecutors did not bear the burden of proving a case, but that sufficient “proof” came from browbeating confessions out of the accused.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-03-16 16:07:39 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Link</title>
         <author>smm00035</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/smm00035/givq4nxzrtivquo7/wish/1316522227</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2002/02/where-did-the-fifth-amendment-come-from.html#:~:text=The%20Fifth%20Amendment%20to%20the,that%20operated%20from%201487%2D1641.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-03-16 16:08:20 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Picture</title>
         <author>smm00035</author>
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         <pubDate>2021-03-16 16:08:31 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Chambers v. Florida (1940)</title>
         <author>smm00035</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/smm00035/givq4nxzrtivquo7/wish/1316542600</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>After four Black men were held under dangerous circumstances and forced to confess to murder charges under duress, they were convicted and sentenced to death. The Supreme Court, to its credit, took issue with that. Justice Hugo Black wrote for the majority:<br><br></div><blockquote>"We are not impressed by the argument that law enforcement methods such as those under review are necessary to uphold our laws. The Constitution proscribes such lawless means irrespective of the end. And this argument flouts the basic principle that all people must stand on an equality before the bar of justice in every American court. Today, as in ages past, we are not without tragic proof that the exalted power of some governments to punish manufactured crime dictatorially is the handmaid of tyranny. Under our constitutional system, courts stand against any winds that blow as havens of refuge for those who might otherwise suffer because they are helpless, weak, outnumbered, or because they are nonconforming victims of prejudice and public excitement. Due process of law, preserved for all by our Constitution, commands that no such practice as that disclosed by this record shall send any accused to his death. No higher duty, no more solemn responsibility, rests upon this Court than that of translating into living law and maintaining this constitutional shield deliberately planned and inscribed for the benefit of every human being subject to our Constitution -- of whatever race, creed or persuasion."</blockquote><div><br>While this ruling did not end the use of police torture against Black people in the South, it did, at least, clarify that local law enforcement officials did so without the blessing of the U.S. Constitution.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-03-16 16:11:47 UTC</pubDate>
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