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Kimolos is located on the volcanic arc of the Aegean Sea [Francalanci et al. (2007)], which results in the island being shaped by intense volcanic activity [Fytikas et al. (1993)]. As a result, the island has a large variety of rocks [Tsokas et al. (1995)], the main ones being: a) tuffs, a rock light and easy to process, which is formed in small parallels ("poriá" as the locals call it), is used as building material, b) bentonite, which is used in industry and mined in the vicinity of Prassa and c) “kimólia yi" (chalk land), a type of clay used as a detergent from antiquity to the 19th century [Belavillas (2009)].

Also, the island has geothermal fields [Tsokas et al. (1995)], which remain practically untapped. There are, however, thermal baths in Prassa, but these do not work on a permanent basis.

Another twist of nature is due to the creation of “Eléphantas”, a geological formation in the village of Goupa, reminiscent of a strongly seated elephant.

It is reported that the Kimolos - Polyaigos complex is one of the most important breeding sites of the endangered seal Monachus monachus [CIESM (2011)].

The red viper Macrovipera schweizeri is an endemic species of the islands of Milos, Kimolos, Polyaigos and Sifnos [Adamopoulou et al. (1997)]. Less than one meter in length, it is seldom noticed because it hides as soon as it becomes aware of the presence of a human being.

Of particular importance is the endemic blue lizard Podarcis milensis [Adamopoulou & Valakos (2000)], the presence of which is limited to the islands of Milos, Kimolos, Polyaigos and Antimilos. Its length is less than twenty centimeters and remains active throughout the year. During the mating season the males get intense coloring.
Other lizards and snakes, as well as a large number of birds, belong to the fauna of the island. Most notable birds are Falco eleonorae, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Falco peregrinus and Buteo rufinus . During the period of emigration, several migratory birds, such as herons and swans, are found in the Alykì wetland.

With a rough terrain and wild beauty, Polyaigos is today a virgin place where rare and endangered species of flora and fauna are found. It is often considered to be the best preserved Mediterranean island in terms of environment. Because of its high geological and ecological value, Polyaigos has been integrated into the Natura 2000 network.

At the end of the 16th century, in the prevailing view [Hoepfener W.-Schmidt H. (1978)], the Castle of Kimolos was built as a measure of protection against pirate raids. A significant extension of the settlement outside the castle boundary, mainly to the north, took place after the liberation of Greece from the Ottoman occupation. Thus the modern settlement is gradually being built; theHoriò.