Binary fission: is a type of asexual reproduction typically observed in prokaryotes and a few single-celled eukaryotes. In this method of asexual reproduction, there is a separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells.

Fragmentation: where a fragment of the parent breaks off and develops into an entirely new but genetically identical individual. The parent will then regenerate, or regrow, the piece that broke off, so in the end there are two new individuals from one. 

Vegetative: any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or grows from a specialized reproductive structure (such as a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb). This is used by humans to get vegetables with the same characteristics.

Parthenogenesis: When an ovule develops into an organism without having to be fertilized.

-The population increases rapidly when conditions are favorable. 

-It is more time and energy efficient as you do not need to mate. 

-Faster and more efficient than sexual reproduction. 

Disadvantages:
-They are more susceptible to environmental changes.

-It does not lead to genetic variation in a population.

-The species may only be suited to one habitat.

-Disease may affect all the individuals in a population.

-The species can adapt to new environments due to variation, which gives them a survival advantage.

-A disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population.

Disadvantages:
-Requires more than one member meaning that in the situation of there only being one member of the species left the entire species will become extinct.

-Sexual reproduction takes longer than asexual reproduction. A mate must be found, the egg must be fertilized by sperm, and then the offspring develop.

Meiosis: A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Purpose: The primary purpose of Meiosis is to produce genetically diverse haploid cells for sexual reproduction, whereas Mitosis is to produce genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair of tissues.

Chromosome number: Meiosis results in the reduction of chromosome number by half, whereas Mitosis maintains the chromosome number.

Chromosome distribution: In Meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during the first division and sister chromatids separate during the second division, resulting in four genetically diverse daughter cells. In Mitosis, sister chromatids separate, producing two genetically identical daughter cells.

Chromosome pairing: Meiosis involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes, followed by exchange of genetic material through crossing over, resulting in genetic diversity. Mitosis does not involve pairing of chromosomes or exchange of genetic material.